Inganda zitunganya amatungo zifite ibikoresho byinshi by'ingenzi bihuzwa na sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu zikoresha umwuka n'imashini. Igihe cyo kudakora bitewe n'imiterere mibi ya sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu, ikoreshwa nabi ry'ibice, cyangwa kudakorerwa isuku ntibikwiye kuba impamo. Saba byinshi. #Ibikorwa byiza
Buri wese yemeranya ko gukora ibicuruzwa bivuye muri PET yasubiwemo (rPET) ari ikintu cyiza, ariko gukora ibice byiza cyane bivuye mu bikoresho fatizo bidasanzwe, nk'amacupa ya PET amaze gukoreshwa, ntabwo byoroshye. Ibikoresho bigoye byo gutunganya (urugero: gutondeka hakoreshejwe optique, kuyungurura, gusohora, nibindi) bikoreshwa mu nganda za rPET kugira ngo ibi bigerweho byitabwaho cyane - kandi ni ukuri. Ikibabaje ni uko sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu zijyana hagati y'ibi bikoresho rimwe na rimwe zongerwaho nk'igitekerezo cya nyuma, bishobora gutuma imikorere y'ibicuruzwa muri rusange idakora neza.
Mu gikorwa cyo kongera gukoresha PET, ni bwo buryo bwo gutwara ibintu buhuza intambwe zose z'ibikorwa - bityo bugomba kuba bwaragenewe ibi bikoresho.
Gukomeza gukora neza kw'uruganda rwawe bitangirana n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'uruganda cyiza, kandi si ibikoresho byose byo kwimura ibintu bingana.amakompanyi yo kohereza ibintu ku gitibyakoze neza ku mirongo ya chip mu myaka icumi ishize bishobora kuba bike cyane kandi bigahita binanirwa ku mirongo ya flake. Imashini itwara umwuka ishobora gutwara lb 10.000/hr chips ishobora gutwara lb 4000/hr chips gusa. Ikibazo gikunze kubaho ni ukudakurikiza amabwiriza y’imiterere yihariye yo gucunga ibikoresho byasubijwe.
Imashini itwara umwuka ishobora gutwara utubumbe twa lb 10.000/hr ishobora gutwara utubumbe twa lb 4000/hr gusa.
Igitekerezo cy'ibanze cyo gutekerezaho ni uko ubucucike buke bw'udupfunyika tw'amacupa ya PET bugabanya ubushobozi nyabwo bw'uburyo bwo kohereza ugereranije n'ubucucike bwinshi bw'ibikoresho by'ibice. Udupfunyika natwo dufite imiterere idahwitse. Ibi bivuze ko ibikoresho byo gutunganya impapuro akenshi biba binini cyane. Akamashini gatwara udupfunyika tw'amacupa ya PET gashobora kuba gafite igice cya kabiri cy'umurambararo kandi gakoresha bibiri bya gatatu by'imbaraga za moteri z'akamashini gatwara udupfunyika twagenewe udupfunyika. Sisitemu yo kohereza udupfunyika ishobora kwimura utupfunyika twa 6000 lb/hr muri santimetero 3. Umuyoboro ugomba kuba santimetero 3.5. Igice. Ibipimo by'ibikomeye kuri gaze bigera kuri 15:1 bishobora gukoreshwa kuri utupfunyika, ariko ni byiza gukoresha sisitemu za flake zifite igipimo ntarengwa cya 5:1.
Ese ushobora gukoresha umuvuduko umwe wo gutwara umwuka kugira ngo uduce dufate uduce dufite ishusho imwe? Oya, ni hasi cyane kugira ngo uduce duto duto dushobore kugenda mu buryo budasanzwe. Mu gasanduku ko kubikamo, agace ka 60° gatuma uduce duto dutembera byoroshye gagomba kuba gafite agace ka 70° ku duce. Bitewe n'ingano y'agasanduku ko kubikamo, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha silo kugira ngo uduce duto dutembera. Amenshi muri aya "mategeko" ategurwa binyuze mu kugerageza no gukosa, bityo rero wiringire injeniyeri zifite uburambe mu gushushanya inzira zihariye zigenewe uduce twa rPET.
Amwe mu maguru asanzwe yo gukoresha ibintu bikomeye ntabwo ahagije ku binini by'amacupa. Aho gusohokera hagaragazwa hano hafashijwe na vis igoramye isenya ibiraro hanyuma igasohora uduce duto mu gikoresho cy'umwuka kizenguruka kugira ngo gishyirwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi buhamye mu buryo bwo gutwara umwuka.
Imiterere myiza ya sisitemu yo kohereza ntabwo ihamya ko sisitemu izizewe. Kugira ngo ugere ku musaruro wizewe, ibice biri muri sisitemu yo gutwara bigomba kuba byaragenewe by'umwihariko uduce twa rPET.
Valve zizunguruka zishyira uduce mu buryo bwo gutanga umuvuduko cyangwa ikindi gice cy'igikorwa zigomba kuba zikomeye kugira ngo zihangane n'imyaka myinshi yo gukoreshwa nabi n'uduce duto n'ibindi bintu byose bizicamo. Inzu nini z'icyuma kitagira umugese n'ibyuma bizunguruka bitwara amafaranga menshi kurusha igishushanyo cy'icyuma gito, ariko ikiguzi cy'inyongera gikurwaho no kugabanuka kw'igihe cyo kudakora no kugabanuka kw'ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho.
Uduce twa PET twongerewemo dutandukanye n'uduce twa PET mu miterere y'uduce cyangwa ubucucike bw'ibice. Nanone turatera cyane.
Imashini zizunguruka mu mashini zizunguruka zagenewe lamella zigomba kugira rotor ifite ishusho ya V n'"isuka" mu nzira yo kwinjira kugira ngo bigabanye gushwanyagurika no kuziba. Hari igihe imashini zigoye zikoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo byo gushwanyagurika, ariko izi zisaba kwitabwaho buri gihe ndetse no gushyiramo ibice bito by'icyuma muri iyo nzira bishobora guteza ibibazo mu nzira.
Bitewe n’uko uduce duto tw’udupira duto, inkokora zo mu buryo bwo gutwara ibintu mu mwuka ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara. Sisitemu yo gutwara imyenda ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi urupapuro runyerera ku buso bw’inyuma bw’inkokora ruzanyura mu muyoboro w’icyuma kitagira umugozi wa 10. Abatanga ibicuruzwa batandukanye batanga inkokora zihariye zigabanya iki kibazo, ndetse zishobora no gukorwa n’abakora imashini.
Kwangirika bibaho ku migozi miremire isanzwe kuko ibintu bikomeye bimanuka ku buso bw'inyuma ku muvuduko mwinshi. Tekereza gukoresha imigozi mike ishoboka, ndetse wenda n'imigozi yihariye igamije kugabanya kwangirika.
Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu mu ruganda ni intambwe ya nyuma, kuko hari ibice byinshi byimuka bigira ingaruka ku bice bidasanzwe n'umwanda. Ikibabaje ni uko kubungabunga biteganyijwe akenshi birengagizwa.
Ingufu zimwe na zimwe zizunguruka zifite imigozi igomba gufungwa buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi ava. Shaka imigozi ifite imigozi ifunganye n'imigozi idasaba kubungabungwa buri gihe. Iyo izi migozi zikoreshejwe mu gushyiramo impapuro, akenshi biba ngombwa ko woza umugozi w'imigozi ukoresheje umwuka mwiza w'ibikoresho. Menya neza ko umuvuduko wo koza umugozi ushyirwa neza (ubusanzwe uri hejuru ya 5 psig y'umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kohereza) kandi ko umwuka urimo gutemba koko.
Rotor za rotary valve zangiritse zishobora gutera gusohoka cyane muri sisitemu nziza zo gutanga umuvuduko. Uku gusohoka kugabanya ingano y'umwuka usohoka mu muyoboro, bityo bikagabanya ubushobozi bwose bwa sisitemu. Bishobora kandi guteza ibibazo byo guhuza na hopper iri hejuru y'ingufuri zizunguruka, bityo genzura buri gihe icyuho kiri hagati y'umutwe wa rotor n'aho ifungira.
Bitewe n'umukungugu mwinshi, ibyuma biyungurura umwuka bishobora kuziba vuba inganda za rPET mbere yo kurekura umwuka ujyana mu kirere. Menya neza ko igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'umwuka gikora neza kandi urebe neza ko umukoresha awugenzura buri gihe. Umukungugu woroheje cyane kandi woroshye wa PET ushobora kuziba cyangwa kugabanya inzira y'umuyoboro w'amazi, ariko icyuma cyohereza umwuka cyo hejuru kiri mu gasanduku k'amazi gishobora gufasha kubona izi mbogamizi mbere yuko zitera ibibazo bikomeye. Menya neza ko uhora ukuraho ivumbi ryiyongera mu gikapu.
Iyi nkuru ntishobora kuvuga ku mategeko yose agenga igishushanyo mbonera n'ibungabunga ryizewe rya sisitemu zo kohereza ibintu mu nganda za rPET, ariko twizere ko usobanukiwe ko hari ingingo nyinshi zo gusuzuma kandi ko nta kindi cyasimbura uburambe. Tekereza gukurikiza inama z'abatanga ibikoresho bakoreye uduce twa rPET mu bihe byashize. Aba bacuruzi banyuze mu bigeragezo byose, bityo nawe ntugomba kubinyuramo.
Ku bijyanye n'umwanditsi: Joseph Lutz ni Umuyobozi w'Ubucuruzi n'Ubucuruzi muri Pelletron Corp. Afite uburambe bw'imyaka 15 mu bya tekiniki mu guteza imbere uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoresho bya pulasitiki. Umwuga we muri Pelletron watangiriye mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere, aho yize ibijyanye n'imikorere y'imikorere y'umwuka muri laboratwari y'ibizamini. Lutz yashyizeho sisitemu nyinshi zo gutwara ibintu by'umwuka hirya no hino ku isi kandi yahawe patenti eshatu nshya z'ibicuruzwa.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya, rizatangira gukoreshwa muri NPE mu kwezi gutaha, ritanga umuburo ku gihe hakenewe isuku yo kwirinda mbere yuko ibikoresho bingirika.
Ugereranyije n'ikiguzi cyo kugura resin isanzwe ifite ibara cyangwa gushyiraho icyuma cyo hagati gifite ubushobozi bwo kuvanga resin na masterbatch, gusiga irangi kuri mashini bishobora gutanga inyungu zikomeye ku giciro, harimo kugabanuka kw'ikiguzi cyo kubika ibikoresho no kwiyongera kw'uburyo bwo gukora.
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bw'umwuka (vacuum communications) bwo gutunganya pulasitiki, si ngombwa ko ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa mu gutunganya ifu. Ibikoresho byakozwe mbere bishobora kuba amahitamo meza ku ifu n'ibintu bikomeye mu nganda zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2022
