Ngemva kokushicilelwa kohlelo lwe-International Mining luka-Okthoba, futhi ikakhulukazi isici saminyaka yonke sokuchoboza nokudlulisa ngaphakathi emgodini, sibheke ngokujulile esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezakha lezi zinhlelo, i-apron feeder.
Kwezimayini,iziphakeli ze-apronzidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kumasekethe okucubungula amaminerali kuhlukahlukene kakhulu; noma kunjalo, amakhono azo aphelele awaziwa kahle embonini yonke, okuholela emibuzweni eminingi ephakanyisiwe.
UMartin Yester, Ukusekelwa Komkhiqizo Womhlaba Wonke, iMetso Bulk Products, uphendula eminye yemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ngamagama alula, i-apron feeder (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pan feeder) uhlobo lwe-feeder olusetshenziswa ngomshini emisebenzini yokuphatha izinto ukuze kudluliselwe (ukondla) izinto kwezinye izinto noma kusuka endaweni yokugcina izinto, ebhokisini noma e-hopper ukuze kukhishwe izinto (i-ore/rock) ngesivinini esilawulwayo.
Lezi ziphakeli zingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza emisebenzini eyinhloko, yesibili kanye neyesithathu (yokubuyisela).
Iziphakeli ze-apron zeketanga lamatrakta zibhekisela kumaketanga angaphansi kwenqola, ama-roller namasondo omsila asetshenziswa futhi kuma-bulldozer kanye nemishini yokumba. Lolu hlobo lwe-feeder lubusa izimboni lapho abasebenzisi bedinga khona i-feeder engakhipha izinto ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene. Izivalo ze-polyurethane eketanganeni zivimbela izinto ezihudulayo ukuthi zingangeni eziphinini zangaphakathi kanye nasezihlahleni, zinciphisa ukuguguleka futhi zandise isikhathi semishini uma kuqhathaniswa namaketanga omile. Iziphakeli ze-apron zeketanga lamatrakta nazo zinciphisa ukungcola komsindo ukuze kusebenze ngokuthula. Izixhumanisi zeketanga ziphathwa ngokushisa ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside.
Sekukonke, izinzuzo zifaka phakathi ukuthembeka okwandisiwe, izingxenye ezimbalwa ezisele, ukunakekelwa okuncane kanye nokulawulwa okungcono kokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinzuzo zandisa umkhiqizo ngezinkinga ezincane kunoma iyiphi indlela yokucubungula amaminerali.
Inkolelo evamile mayelanaiziphakeli ze-apronukuthi kumele zifakwe ngokuvundlile. Nokho, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, zingafakwa emathafeni! Lokhu kuletha izinzuzo eziningi ezengeziwe kanye nezici. Uma ufaka i-apron feeder endaweni ethafeni, kudingeka isikhala esincane iyonke - hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi indawo ethafeni inciphisa isikhala saphansi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukuphakama kwe-hopper etholayo. Ama-feeder e-apron athafeni athethelela kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezingcezu ezinkulu zezinto futhi, iyonke, izokwandisa ivolumu ku-hopper futhi inciphise izikhathi zokujikeleza kwamaloli okuthutha.
Khumbula ukuthi kunezici ezithile okufanele uziqaphele lapho ufaka i-pan feeder endaweni ethambekele ukuze wenze inqubo ibe ngcono. I-hopper eklanywe kahle, i-angle of inclination, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sokusekela, kanye nohlelo lwezindlela zokudlula nezitebhisi ezizungeze i-feeder konke kuyizinto ezibalulekile.
Umbono ovamile oyiphutha mayelana nokusebenzisa noma iyiphi idivayisi uthi: “Uma kushesha kungcono.” Ngokuphathelene nama-feeder e-apron, akunjalo. Isivinini esifanele sivela ekutholeni ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle kanye nesivinini sokuthumela. Asebenza kancane kune-feeder yebhande, kodwa ngesizathu esihle.
Ngokuvamile, isivinini esifanele se-apron feeder singu-0.05-0.40 m/s. Uma i-ore ingagugi, ijubane lingakhushulwa libe ngaphezu kuka-0.30 m/s ngenxa yokuguguleka okungenzeka kube kunciphile.
Isivinini esiphezulu siyaphazamisa ukusebenza: uma isivinini sakho siphezulu kakhulu, usengozini yokuguguleka okusheshayo kwezingxenye. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nakho kwehla ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo samandla.
Enye inkinga okufanele uyikhumbule lapho usebenzisa i-apron feeder ngesivinini esikhulu amathuba okuba nezinhlawulo akhuphuke. Kungase kube nemiphumela emibi phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo nepuleti. Ngenxa yokuba khona kothuli olusabalele emoyeni, ukudalwa kwezinhlawulo akudali nje izinkinga ezengeziwe, kodwa futhi kudala indawo yokusebenza eyingozi kakhulu kubasebenzi bonke. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivinini esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izitshalo kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza.
Ama-feeder e-apron anemikhawulo uma kukhulunywa ngobukhulu nohlobo lwe-ore. Imikhawulo izohluka, kodwa izinto akufanele zilahlwe ngokungenanjongo ku-feeder. Akudingeki ucabangele nje kuphela uhlelo lokusebenza lapho uzosebenzisa khona i-feeder, kodwa nokuthi leso feeder sizobekwa kuphi enqubweni.
Ngokuvamile, umthetho wemboni wosayizi we-apron feeder okufanele ulandele ukuthi ububanzi bepani (isiketi sangaphakathi) kufanele bube kabili ngobukhulu bento enkulu kunazo zonke. Ezinye izici, njenge-hopper evulekile eklanywe kahle ehlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa "kwe-rock flip plate", zingathinta usayizi wepani, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezimweni ezithile.
Akuyona into engavamile ukukwazi ukukhipha izinto ezingu-1,500mm uma kusetshenziswa i-feeder engu-3,000mm ububanzi. Izinto ezimbi ezingu-300mm ezikhishwe ezinqwabeni zensimbi ye-crusher noma emabhokisini okugcina/okuxuba ngokuvamile zikhishwa kusetshenziswa i-apron feeder ukuze kondliwe i-crusher yesibili.
Uma ulinganisa i-apron feeder kanye nesistimu yokushayela ehambisanayo (injini), njengoba kunjalo ngemishini eminingi embonini yezimayini, ulwazi nolwazi lwalo lonke inqubo lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukulinganisa i-apron feeder kudinga ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwedatha yefektri ukuze kugcwaliswe ngokunembile imigomo edingekayo "ku-Application Data Sheet" yomhlinzeki (noma umhlinzeki ethola ulwazi lwakhe).
Izindlela eziyisisekelo okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka phakathi izinga lokuphakelwa (isiqongo kanye nokuvamile), izakhiwo zezinto (njengomswakama, ukwakheka kanye nesimo), usayizi omkhulu wamabhulokhi e-ore/rock, ubuningi be-ore/rock (ubuningi kanye nobuningi) kanye nezimo zokuphakelwa kanye ne-Outlet.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi iziguquguquko zingase zengezwe enkambisweni yosayizi we-apron feeder okufanele ifakwe. Iguquguquko elikhulu elengeziwe abahlinzeki okufanele babuze ngalo ukucushwa kwe-hopper. Ngokukhethekile, ukuvulwa kobude be-hopper cut (L2) kutholakala ngqo ngaphezu kwe-apron feeder. Lapho kufanele khona, lokhu kuyipharamitha ebalulekile hhayi nje kuphela yokulinganisa kahle i-apron feeder, kodwa futhi nohlelo lokushayela.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ubuningi be-ore/rock bungenye yezidingo eziyisisekelo ezijwayelekile futhi kufanele ifake usayizi we-feeder osebenzayo. Ubuningi buyisisindo sento ethile ngevolumu ethile, ngokuvamile ubuningi bulinganiswa ngamathani nge-cubic meter (t/m³) noma amakhilogremu nge-cubic foot (lbs/ft³). Inothi elikhethekile okufanele likhunjulwe ukuthi ubuningi busetshenziselwa ama-feeder e-apron, hhayi ubuningi bezinto eziqinile njengakweminye imishini yokucubungula amaminerali.
Ngakho-ke kungani ubuningi be-bulk bubaluleke kangaka? Ama-Apron feeders ayi-volumetric feeders, okusho ukuthi ubuningi be-bulk busetshenziselwa ukunquma isivinini namandla adingekayo ukukhipha i-tonnage ethile yezinto ngehora. Ubuningi be-bulk busetshenziswa ukunquma isivinini, kanti ubuningi be-bulk bunquma amandla (i-torque) adingekayo yi-feeder.
Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ubuningi obufanele “bobuningi” kunobuningi “obuqinile” ukuze usayizi we-apron feeder yakho. Uma lezi zibalo zingalungile, izinga lokugcina lokuphakelwa kwenqubo engezansi lingase libe sengozini.
Ukunquma ubude bokucheba kwe-hopper kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni nasekukhetheni okufanele kwe-apron feeder kanye nesistimu yokushayela (injini). Kodwa lokhu kuqinisekile kanjani? Ubude bokucheba kwe-hopper ubukhulu obuvela epuletini elingemuva le-hopper eligobile kuya kubha yokugunda ekugcineni kokuphuma kwe-hopper. Kuzwakala kulula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu akufanele kudidaniswe nosayizi wengxenye ephezulu ye-hopper ephethe izinto.
Inhloso yokuthola lokhu kulinganiswa kobude bokusika kwe-hopper ukunquma umugqa wangempela wokusika wezinto ezibonakalayo nokuthi izinto ezisesiketini zihlukana kuphi (izingcezu) nezinto ezibonakalayo (L2) ezise-hopper. Ukumelana kokusika kwento ngokuvamile kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphakathi kuka-50-70% wamandla/amandla aphelele. Lokhu kubalwa kobude bokusika kuzoholela ekungangeni kwamandla (ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo) noma ekukhulisweni kwamandla (ukwanda kwezindleko zokusebenza (i-opex)).
Isikhala semishini sibalulekile kunoma yisiphi isitshalo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-apron feeder ingafakwa emithambekeni ukuze kongiwe isikhala. Ukukhetha ubude obufanele be-apron feeder ngeke nje kunciphise izindleko ezinkulu (i-capex), kodwa futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.
Kodwa ubude obufanele bunqunywa kanjani? Ubude obufanele be-apron feeder yilobo obungahlangabezana nomsebenzi odingekayo ngobude obufushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ekusebenzeni, ukukhetha i-feeder kungathatha isikhathi eside "ukudlulisela" izinto emishinini engezansi futhi kuqedwe izindawo zokudlulisela (nezindleko ezingadingekile).
Ukuze kutholakale i-feeder emfushane kakhulu nengcono kakhulu, i-apron feeder idinga ukubekwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngaphansi kwe-hopper (L2). Ngemva kokunquma ubude bokusika kanye nokujula kombhede, ubude obuphelele bungancishiswa ukuze kuvinjelwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuzihlanza” ekugcineni kokukhipha lapho i-feeder ingasebenzi.
Ukukhetha uhlelo lokushayela olufanele lwe-apron feeder yakho kuzoncika ekusebenzeni kanye nemigomo ye-feeder. Ama-Apron Feeders aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo ukuze akhiphe endaweni yokugcina futhi ondle phansi ngesivinini esilawulwayo ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu. Izinto zingahluka ngenxa yezici ezifana nesizini yonyaka, umzimba we-ore noma amaphethini okuqhuma kanye nokuxuba.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-drive afanelekela isivinini esiguquguqukayo ama-drive omshini asebenzisa ama-gear reducers, ama-variable frequency motors kanye nama-variable frequency drive (ama-VFD), noma ama-hydraulic motors kanye nama-power units anama-variable displacement pumps. Namuhla, ama-variable speed mechanical drives abonakala eyisistimu yomshini ekhethwayo ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwemali.
Izinhlelo zokushayela nge-hydraulic zinendawo yazo, kodwa azibhekwa njengezifanele phakathi kwama-variable drive amabili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-14-2022
