Emva kokupapashwa kwe-International Mining ka-Okthobha, ngakumbi uphawu lonyaka lokutyumza nokuhambisa ngaphakathi emigodini, sijonge ngokusondeleyo enye yezona zinto ziphambili ezenza ezi nkqubo, i-apron feeder.
Kwimigodi,izondlo ze-apronzidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokusebenza. Usetyenziso lwazo kwiisekethe zokucubungula izimbiwa zahlukahlukene kakhulu; nangona kunjalo, amandla azo apheleleyo awaziwa kakuhle kulo lonke eli shishini, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimibuzo emininzi ephakanyisiweyo.
UMartin Yester, iNkxaso yeMveliso yeHlabathi, iMetso Bulk Products, uphendula eminye yemibuzo ebaluleke ngakumbi.
Ngamazwi alula, i-apron feeder (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-pan feeder) luhlobo loomatshini lwe-feeder olusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokuphatha izinto ukudlulisela (ukondla) izinto kwezinye izixhobo okanye kwi-inventory yokugcina, ebhokisini okanye kwi-hopper ukuze kukhutshwe izinto (i-ore/rock) ngesantya esilawulwayo.
Ezi feeders zingasetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwimisebenzi yokuqala, yesibini neyesithathu (yokubuyisela).
Ii-feeder ze-apron ze-tractor chain zibhekisa kwii-chain ze-undercarriage, ii-rollers kunye namavili e-tail asetyenziswa nakwii-bulldozers kunye nee-excavators. Olu hlobo lwe-feeder lulawula amashishini apho abasebenzisi bafuna i-feeder enokukhupha izinto ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ii-polyurethane seals kwi-chain zithintela izinto ezirhabaxa ukuba zingangeni kwiiphini zangaphakathi kunye nee-bushings, zinciphisa ukuguguleka kwaye zandise ubomi bezixhobo xa kuthelekiswa nee-chain ezomileyo. Ii-feeder ze-apron ze-tractor chain zikwanciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo ukuze zisebenze ngokuthula. Ii-links ze-chain zinyangwa ngobushushu ubomi obude.
Lilonke, iingenelo ziquka ukuthembeka okwandisiweyo, iindawo ezimbalwa ezingasetyenziswayo, ukugcinwa okuncinci kunye nolawulo olungcono lokutya. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ngenelo zonyusa imveliso ngokunciphisa imiqobo kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokucubungula izimbiwa.
Inkolelo eqhelekileyo malungaizondlo ze-apronkukuba kufuneka zifakwe ngokuthe tye. Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, zinokufakelwa kwiindawo ezithe tyaba! Oku kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo. Xa ufaka i-apron feeder kwindawo ethe tyaba, kufuneka indawo encinci iyonke - ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa indawo yomgangatho, kodwa ikwanciphisa nokuphakama kwe-hopper eyamkelayo. Ii-apron feeders ezithe tyaba zixolela ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwiziqwenga ezinkulu zezinto kwaye, ngokubanzi, ziya kwandisa umthamo kwi-hopper kwaye zinciphise amaxesha okujikeleza kwiilori zokuthutha.
Khumbula ukuba kukho izinto ezithile ekufuneka uziqaphele xa ufaka i-pan feeder kwindawo ethe tyaba ukuze uphucule inkqubo. I-hopper eyilwe kakuhle, i-angle of intilt, uyilo lwesakhiwo senkxaso, kunye nenkqubo yeepaseji kunye nezitebhisi ezijikeleze i-feeder zonke zezona zinto zibalulekileyo.
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo malunga nokusebenzisa nasiphi na isixhobo yile: “Okukhona kukhawuleziswa kokukhona kungcono.” Ngokuphathelele ii-feeder ze-apron, akunjalo. Isantya esifanelekileyo sivela ekufumaneni ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nesantya sokuthumela. Zihamba kancinci kunee-feeder zebhanti, kodwa ngesizathu esivakalayo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, isantya esifanelekileyo se-apron feeder yi-0.05-0.40 m/s. Ukuba i-ore ayirhawuzeli, isantya sinokunyuswa siye ngaphezulu kwe-0.30 m/s ngenxa yokuncipha kokuguguleka.
Isantya esiphezulu siyaphazamisa ukusebenza: ukuba isantya sakho siphezulu kakhulu, usengozini yokuguguleka ngokukhawuleza kwezinto. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuyancipha ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yamandla.
Enye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule xa usebenzisa i-apron feeder ngesantya esiphezulu kukwanda kweendleko. Kunokubakho iziphumo ezirhabaxa phakathi kwezinto kunye nepleyiti. Ngenxa yokuba kukho uthuli olubalekayo emoyeni, ukudalwa kweendleko akudali nje iingxaki ezingaphezulu, kodwa kudala nendawo yokusebenza eyingozi ngakumbi kubasebenzi ngokubanzi. Ke ngoko, ukufumana isantya esifanelekileyo kubaluleke ngakumbi kwimveliso yezityalo kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza.
Ii-apron feeders zinemida xa kufikwa kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lwe-ore. Imiqathango iyahluka, kodwa izinto akufuneki zilahlwe ngokungenanjongo kwi-feeder. Akufuneki ucinge kuphela ngesicelo apho uza kuyisebenzisa khona i-feeder, kodwa kwanendawo apho i-feeder iza kubekwa khona kwinkqubo.
Ngokubanzi, umthetho weshishini wobungakanani be-apron feeder omele ulandelwe kukuba ububanzi bepani (isiketi sangaphakathi) bufanele buphindwe kabini kunobukhulu bento enkulu. Ezinye izinto, ezifana ne-hopper evulekileyo eyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa "kwe-rock flip plate", zinokuchaphazela ubukhulu bepani, kodwa oku kubalulekile kuphela kwiimeko ezithile.
Akuqhelekanga ukukwazi ukukhupha izinto eziyi-1,500mm ukuba kusetyenziswa i-feeder enobubanzi obuyi-3,000mm. Izinto ezingalunganga eziyi-300mm ezikhutshwe kwiinqwaba ze-crusher ore okanye kwiibhokisi zokugcina/zokuxuba zihlala zikhutshwa kusetyenziswa i-apron feeder ukondla i-crusher yesibini.
Xa ulinganisa i-apron feeder kunye nenkqubo yokuqhuba ehambelanayo (i-motor), njengakwizixhobo ezininzi kwishishini lezemigodi, amava kunye nolwazi lwenkqubo yonke lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukulinganisa i-apron feeder kufuna ulwazi olusisiseko lwedatha yefektri ukuze kuzaliseke ngokuchanekileyo iikhrayitheriya ezifunekayo kwi-"Application Data Sheet" yomthengisi (okanye umthengisi ufumana ulwazi lwakhe).
Iikhrayitheriya ezisisiseko ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka izinga lokutya (eliphezulu neliqhelekileyo), iimpawu zezinto (ezifana nokufuma, uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuma), ubungakanani obukhulu beebhloko ze-ore/rock, ubuninzi be-ore/rock (ubuninzi kunye nobuncinci) kunye neemeko zokutya kunye ne-Outlet.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha izinto eziguquguqukayo zinokongezwa kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ubungakanani be-apron feeder ekufuneka ifakwe. Utshintsho olukhulu olongezelelweyo ababoneleli abafanele balubuze luqwalaselo lwe-hopper. Ngokukodwa, ukuvulwa kobude be-hopper cut (L2) kubekwe ngqo ngaphezulu kwe-apron feeder. Apho kufanelekileyo, le yiparameter ebalulekileyo kungekuphela nje kokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-apron feeder, kodwa nakwinkqubo yokuqhuba.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, uxinano olukhulu lwe-ore/rock yenye yeemfuno ezisisiseko kwaye kufuneka ibandakanye ubungakanani bokutya obusebenzayo. Uxinano bubunzima bezinto ezikwivolumu ethile, ngokuqhelekileyo uxinano olukhulu lulinganiswa ngeetoni nge-cubic meter (t/m³) okanye ngeepawundi nge-cubic foot (lbs/ft³). Inqaku elikhethekileyo ekufuneka likhunjulwe kukuba uxinano olukhulu lusetyenziselwa ukutyala i-apron, hayi uxinano lwezinto eziqinileyo njengakwezinye izixhobo zokucubungula izimbiwa.
Kutheni ke ngoko uxinano olukhulu lubaluleke kangaka? Ii-Apron feeders zi-volumetric feeders, oko kuthetha ukuba uxinano olukhulu lusetyenziselwa ukumisela isantya kunye namandla afunekayo ukukhupha itoni ethile yezinto ngeyure. Uxinano olukhulu lusetyenziselwa ukumisela isantya, kwaye uxinano olukhulu lumisela amandla (torque) afunekayo kwi-feeder.
Lilonke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uxinano oluchanekileyo "olukhulu" endaweni yoxinano "oluqinileyo" ukuze ulinganise ubungakanani be-apron feeder yakho. Ukuba ezi zibalo azichanekanga, izinga lokugqibela lokutya kwenkqubo esezantsi linokuphazamiseka.
Ukuchonga ubude bokucheba i-hopper yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiselweni nasekukhethweni ngokuchanekileyo kwe-apron feeder kunye nenkqubo yokuqhuba (i-motor). Kodwa oku kuqinisekile njani? Ubude bokucheba i-hopper bubungakanani ukusuka kwipleyiti engasemva ye-hopper egudileyo ukuya kwi-shear bar ekupheleni kwe-outlet ye-hopper. Kuvakala kulula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba oku akufanele kudidekiswe nobukhulu bomphezulu we-hopper ophethe izinto.
Injongo yokufumana olu vavanyo lobude be-shear ye-hopper kukufumanisa umgca we-shear plane wezinto kunye nalapho izinto ezikwisiketi zahlula khona (ii-shear) kwizinto (L2) ezikwi-hopper. Ukumelana kwe-shear yezinto kudla ngokuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-50-70% yamandla/amandla apheleleyo. Olu balo lobude be-shear luya kubangela ukuba amandla angaphantsi (ukulahleka kwemveliso) okanye amandla agqithisileyo (ukwanda kweendleko zokusebenza (i-opex)).
Umgama phakathi kwezixhobo ubalulekile nakwesiphi na isityalo. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-apron feeder ingafakelwa kwiindawo ezithe tyaba ukuze kongiwe indawo. Ukukhetha ubude obuchanekileyo be-apron feeder akunakunciphisa kuphela inkcitho yemali (i-capex), kodwa kunciphise nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
Kodwa ubude obufanelekileyo bumiselwa njani? Ubude obufanelekileyo be-apron feeder bubo obunokuhlangabezana nomsebenzi ofunekayo ngobude obufutshane kangangoko. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, kumsebenzi, ukukhetha i-feeder kungathatha ixesha elide "ukudlulisela" izinto kwizixhobo ezisezantsi kunye nokususa iindawo zokudlulisela (kunye neendleko ezingeyomfuneko).
Ukuze kuchongwe eyona feeder imfutshane neyona ilungileyo, i-apron feeder kufuneka ibekwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo phantsi kwe-hopper (L2). Emva kokumisela ubude be-shear kunye nobunzulu bebhedi, ubude bubonke bungancitshiswa ukuze kuthintelwe oko kubizwa ngokuba "kukuzihlambulula" ekupheleni kokukhupha xa i-feeder ingasebenzi.
Ukukhetha inkqubo yokuqhuba efanelekileyo ye-apron feeder yakho kuya kuxhomekeka ekusebenzeni kunye neenjongo ze-feeder. Ii-Apron Feeders zenzelwe ukusebenza ngesantya esiguquguqukayo ukuze zikhuphe kwindawo yokugcina kwaye zondle ngezantsi ngesantya esilawulwayo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle. Izixhobo zinokwahluka ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nexesha lonyaka, umzimba we-ore okanye ukuqhushumba kunye neepateni zokuxuba.
Iindidi ezimbini zeedrive ezifanelekileyo kwi-variable speed zii-mechanical drives ezisebenzisa ii-gear reducers, ii-variable frequency motors kunye nee-variable frequency drives (ii-VFD), okanye ii-hydraulic motors kunye nee-power units ezinee-variable displacement pumps. Namhlanje, ii-variable speed mechanical drives ziye zabonakala ziyinkqubo yokuqhuba ekhethwayo ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye neenzuzo zenkcitho yemali.
Iinkqubo ze-hydraulic drive zinendawo yazo, kodwa azithathwa njengezifanelekileyo phakathi kwee-variable drives ezimbini.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-14-2022
