Mushure mekuburitswa kwemagazini yeInternational Mining yaGumiguru, uye kunyanya chinhu chegore negore chekupwanya nekutakura zvinhu mugomba, takanyatsoongorora chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba masisitimu aya, apron feeder.
Mumigodhi,maepuroni ekudyisavanoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti mashandiro avo akanaka uye nguva yavo yekushanda inowedzera. Mashandisirwo avo muzvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvicherwa akasiyana-siyana; zvisinei, kugona kwavo kwakazara hakuzivikanwe zvakanyanya muindasitiri yese, zvichikonzera mibvunzo yakawanda inobvunzwa.
Martin Yester, Global Product Support, Metso Bulk Products, anopindura mimwe yemibvunzo inokosha.
Muchidimbu, apron feeder (inozivikanwawo sepan feeder) imhando yemuchina wekudyara inoshandiswa mukubata zvinhu kutakura (kupa) zvinhu kuenda kune zvimwe zvishandiso kana kubva mudura rekuchengetera, mubhokisi kana muhosi kuti ibudise zvinhu (matombo/matombo) nemutengo wakatarwa.
Mafeeder aya anogona kushandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana mumabasa ekutanga, echipiri uye echitatu (recovery).
Zvishandiso zvemaapuroni zvetractor zvinoreva cheni dzepasi pechifambiso, maroller nemavhiri emuswe zvinoshandiswawo pamabulldozer nema excavators. Rudzi urwu rwechishandiso runotonga maindasitiri uko vashandisi vanoda chishandiso chinogona kuburitsa zvinhu zvine hunhu hwakasiyana. Zvisimbiso zvepolyurethane mucheni zvinodzivirira zvinhu zvinokwesha kuti zvisapinde mumapini emukati nemabushings, zvichideredza kupera uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo zvichienzaniswa necheni dzakaoma. Zvishandiso zvemaapuroni zvetractor zvinoderedzawo kusvibiswa kweruzha kuti zvishande zvinyoro. Zvinongedzo zvecheni zvinorapwa kupisa kuti zvigare kwenguva refu.
Zvose zvakanakira izvi zvinosanganisira kuvimbika kwakanyanya, zvimwe zvikamu zvishoma, kugadziriswa kushoma uye kudzora kudya kwemhuka zviri nani. Nekudaro, izvi zvinowedzera kugona nekuderedza zvipingamupinyi mukugadzirisa zvicherwa.
Dzidziso inowanzo zivikanwa pamusoro pemaepuroni ekudyisandeyekuti dzinofanira kuiswa dzakatwasuka. Zvinopesana nezvinotendwa nevakawanda, dzinogona kuiswa pamawere! Izvi zvinounza mabhenefiti akawanda uye zvinhu zvakawanda. Pakuisa apron feeder pamawere, nzvimbo shoma inodiwa zvachose - kwete chete kuti mawere adzike nzvimbo yepasi, asi anoderedzawo kukwirira kwehopper inogamuchira. Mahopper ehopper anotsvedza anoregerera zvakanyanya kana zvasvika kuzvidimbu zvakakura zvezvinhu uye, zvakazara, anowedzera huwandu hwehopper uye anoderedza nguva yekutenderera kwemarori ekutakura.
Rangarira kuti pane zvimwe zvinhu zvekuziva paunenge uchiisa pani feeder panzvimbo yakatsetseka kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka. Hopper yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, kona yekutsvedza, dhizaini yechimiro chekutsigira, uye nzira dzekufamba nemasitepisi akatenderedza feeder zvese zvinhu zvakakosha.
Pfungwa isiriyo inowanzo fungwa nezvekushandisa chero mudziyo ndeyekuti: "Kana ukakurumidza, zviri nani." Kana tichitaura nezvema apron feeders, handizvo zvazviri. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunobva pakuwana chiyero pakati pekushanda zvakanaka nekumhanya kwekutumira. Anomhanya zvishoma pane ma feeders emabhandi, asi nechikonzero chakanaka.
Kazhinji, kumhanya kwakanyanya kwe apron feeder i0.05-0.40 m/s. Kana dombo racho risingakanganisike, kumhanya kwaro kunogona kuwedzerwa kusvika pamusoro pe0.30 m/s nekuda kwekunge dombo racho rapera.
Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunokanganisa mashandiro: kana kumhanya kwako kwakanyanya, unogona kukurumidza kupfeka zvinhu zviri mumidziyo. Kushanda nesimba kunodererawo nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba.
Imwe nyaya yekurangarira kana uchimhanyisa apron feeder nekumhanya kwakanyanya ndeyekuwedzera kwemukana wemari yefaindi. Panogona kunge paine mhedzisiro inokuvadza pakati pechinhu chacho neplate. Nekuda kwekuvapo kweguruva rinobuda mumhepo, kugadzirwa kwemari yefaindi hakungokonzere matambudziko akawanda chete, asiwo kunogadzira nzvimbo yebasa ine njodzi kune vashandi vese. Nokudaro, kuwana kumhanya kwakakodzera kwakakosha zvakanyanya pakubudirira kwemiti uye kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda.
Ma apron feeders ane zvipingamupinyi kana zvasvika pahukuru nerudzi rwematombo. Zvirambidzo zvinosiyana, asi zvinhu hazvifanirwe kurasirwa zvisina basa pa feeder. Haufanire kufunga nezvekushandiswa kwauchaita feeder, asiwo kuti feeder iyoyo ichaiswa kupi panguva iyi.
Kazhinji, mutemo weindasitiri wekuti saizi dzekudya zveapron dzitevedzerwe ndewekuti upamhi hwepani (siketi yemukati) hunofanira kunge hwakapetwa kaviri pane hukuru hwechinhu chikuru. Zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sehopper yakagadzirwa zvakanaka pamwe nekushandiswa kwe "rock flip plate", zvinogona kukanganisa saizi yepani, asi izvi zvinongoshanda chete mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Hazvishamisi kukwanisa kuburitsa 1,500mm yezvinhu kana pashandiswa feeder ye3,000mm yakafara. Chinhu chisina kunaka che300mm chinotorwa kubva mumakomba ematombo ekupwanya kana mabhokisi ekuchengetera/kusanganisa chinowanzo bviswa uchishandisa apron feeder kupa crusher yechipiri.
Pakusarudza saizi yeapuroni inodyisa uye inodhiraivha inoenderana nayo (motor), sezvinoitwa nemidziyo yakawanda muindasitiri yemigodhi, ruzivo neruzivo rwese rwunokosha. Kugadzira saizi yeapuroni kunoda ruzivo rwekutanga rwedata refekitori kuti uzadze nemazvo zvinodiwa ne "Application Data Sheet" yemutengesi (kana kuti mutengesi anogamuchira ruzivo rwavo).
Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvinofanira kutariswa zvinosanganisira mwero wekudya (huwandu hwepamusoro uye hwenguva dzose), hunhu hwezvinhu (sehunyoro, kukwira kwemazinga uye chimiro), saizi yepamusoro yematombo esimbi/dombo, huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi/dombo (hukuru uye hushoma) uye mamiriro ekudya nekunze.
Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa pakukura kweapron feeder izvo zvinofanira kuiswa. Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinofanira kubvunzwa nevatengesi ndechekuti hopper configuration yacho iri papi. Kunyanya, hopper cut length opening (L2) iri pamusoro pe apron feeder. Kana zvichibvira, iyi iparameter inokosha kwete chete pakukura zvakanaka kweapron feeder, asiwo kune drive system.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, huwandu hwematombo/matombo akawanda ndeimwe yezvinodiwa zvakakosha uye inofanira kusanganisira saizi yekudyara inoshanda. Kuwanda kwemafuta ndiko huremu hwechinhu chiri muhuwandu hwakapihwa, kazhinji huwandu hwemafuta hunoyerwa mumatani pa cubic meter (t/m³) kana mapaundi pa cubic foot (lbs/ft³). Chinhu chakakosha chekurangarira ndechekuti huwandu hwemafuta hunoshandiswa pakudyara maapuroni, kwete huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasimba sezvinoitwa mune mimwe michina yekugadzira zvicherwa.
Saka sei huwandu hwehuwandu hwakakosha kudaro? Zvidyi zvemaapuroni zvinodyidza zvinhu zvakawanda, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hunoshandiswa kuona kumhanya nesimba rinodiwa kuti ubvise tani yezvinhu paawa imwe chete. Huwandu hushoma hwehuwandu hunoshandiswa kuona kumhanya, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunosarudza simba (torque) rinodiwa nemudziyo wekudyara.
Zvose pamwe chete, zvakakosha kushandisa huwandu hwakakodzera hwe "bulk" pane huwandu "hwakasimba" kuti ukwanise kukura kweapuroni yako. Kana kuverenga uku kusiri iko, huwandu hwekupedzisira hwekudya hunogona kukanganiswa.
Kuziva hurefu hwehopper shear chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza uye kusarudza apron feeder uye drive system (motor). Asi izvi zvinonyatsojeka sei? Hurefu hwehopper shear hukuru kubva pasketi yekumashure yehopper kusvika pashear bar iri pamucheto wehopper. Zvinonzwika zviri nyore, asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti izvi hazvifanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nehukuru hwepamusoro pehopper inobata chinhu chacho.
Chinangwa chekutsvaga hurefu hwema "hopper" iyi ndechekuona mutsetse chaiwo we "shear plane" wechinhu chacho uye kuti chinhu chiri mu "skirt" chinoparadzaniswa sei (shears) nezvinhu (L2) zviri mu "hopper". Kudzivirira kwe "shear" yechinhu ichi kunowanzo fungidzirwa kuva pakati pe50-70% yesimba rose. Kuverenga uku kwe "shear" kuchaita kuti simba risashande zvakanaka (kurasikirwa nekugadzirwa) kana kuti simba rakawandisa (kuwedzera kwemari yekushandisa (opex)).
Kugara pakati pemidziyo kwakakosha kune chero chirimwa. Sezvambotaurwa, chidyiro cheapron chinogona kuiswa pamawere kuchengetedza nzvimbo. Kusarudza kureba kwakakodzera kwechidyiro cheapron hakungoderedzi chete mari inoshandiswa (capex), asiwo kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi nemari yekushandisa.
Asi hurefu hwakakodzera hunoonekwa sei? Hurefu hwakakodzera hwechinodyisa apuroni ndehuya hunogona kusangana nebasa rinodiwa muhurefu hupfupi sezvinobvira. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva, pakushanda, sarudzo yechinodyisa inogona kutora nguva yakareba "kutamisa" zvinhu kuenda kumidziyo iri pasi uye kubvisa nzvimbo dzekutumira (nemari isingakoshi).
Kuti uzive chinopa chikafu chipfupi uye chakanakisa, chinopa chikafu cheapron chinofanira kuiswa pasi pehopper (L2). Mushure mekuona kureba kwekucheka uye kudzika kwemubhedha, hurefu hwese hunogona kuderedzwa kudzivirira zvinonzi "kuzvipukuta" pamucheto wekuburitsa kana chinopa chikafu chisina basa.
Kusarudza sisitimu yekufambisa yakakodzera yeapuroni yako yekudyisa kunoenderana nekushanda uye zvinangwa zveapuroni. Apron Feeders dzakagadzirirwa kushanda nekumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana kuti dzibvise kubva mudura uye dzidye pasi pemvura nekukurumidza kwakadzorwa kuti dzishande zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvinogona kusiyana nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semwaka wegore, muviri wematombo kana kuputika uye mapatani ekusanganisa.
Mhando mbiri dzemadhiraivha akakodzera madhiraivha emagetsi anoshandisa magiya anodzikisa simba, mamota emagetsi anochinja-chinja uye madhiraivha emagetsi anochinja-chinja (VFDs), kana mamota emagetsi ane mapombi emagetsi anochinja-chinja. Nhasi uno, madhiraivha emagetsi anochinja-chinja ave nzira inonyanya kufarirwa yekufambisa simba nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye zvakanakira kushandisa mari yakawanda.
Masisitimu edhiraivha ehydraulic ane nzvimbo yawo, asi haaonekwe seakakodzera pakati pemadhiraivha maviri anochinja-chinja.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-14-2022
