Mu gihe cyo kujugunya ibikoresho,icyuma gitwara imodokaizatuma habaho ivumbi rinini, rigwa ku bice bigenda bya terefone yo mu modoka, rigatuma ibice bya terefone yo mu modoka bihindagurika, bigatera gufungana kw'ibice bya telesikope, kandi rigagabanya uburyo ibice bifitanye isano na terefone yo mu modoka bikoresha terefone yo mu bwoko bwa “motor dumper” birushaho gukora neza no kugabanya igihe cyo kuyikoresha; Ivumbi rinini rigabanya ubushobozi bwo kuyibona, rikagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'abayikoresha, bityo rikagira ingaruka ku musaruro, ndetse rikanateza impanuka. Kugira ngo hongerwe imiterere y'umwuka uri mu cyumba cyo gutwikiramo terefone, habeho ubuzima bwiza bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe bw'abakozi, kandi habeho imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho, ni ngombwa kugenzura ivumbi riri muri sisitemu yo gutwikiramo terefone.
Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuraho ivumbi rikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukurura ivumbi rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukuraho ivumbi ryumye no gukuraho ivumbi ryumye. Gukuraho ivumbi ryumye bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukuraho ivumbi ry’amakara mu mwobo w’umukandara uri munsi y’agace k’inyuma; Gukuraho ivumbi ryumye ahanini bigabanya ikwirakwira ry’ivumbi hejuru y’umuyoboro w’amazi mu gace kawukikije mu gihe cyo gupakurura ikamyo yo gukurura ivumbi. Kugira ngo hakorwe amakosa yo gukoresha gukuraho ivumbi ryumye no gukuraho ivumbi ryumye ukwaryo, birasabwa gukoresha uburyo burambuye bwo gukuraho ivumbi, burimo kugenzura ivumbi, gukuraho ivumbi no gukuraho ivumbi, cyane cyane harimo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye no kurifunga, gukoresha sisitemu z’ubwenge zo kurosora, gukoresha sisitemu zo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye mu rugero rwa micron, no gukoresha sisitemu zo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye.
1. Gukuraho ivumbi no gufunga imashini itwara abagenzi
Icyumba cy’imashini itwara imyanda gifite amagorofa atatu, agenewe urwego rwo kugaburiramo imyanda, urwego rw’ingunguru, n’urwego rw’ubutaka. Gukwirakwira kw’umukungugu bibaho ku rugero rutandukanye muri buri rwego, kandi hafashwe ingamba zitandukanye zo gufunga no kwitandukanya kugira ngo bigabanye gukwirakwira kw’umukungugu.
1.1 Gukoresha uburyo bwo kugaburira abantu hamwe n'uburyo bwo kurwanya amazi menshi
Mu gihe cyo gutanga umukungugu ku gikoresho cyo gutanga umukungugu, umukungugu mwinshi ukorwa aho umukungugu ushyirwa. Hari icyuho kiri hagati y’umukungugu w’umuyobozi n’umukandara w’umuyoboro, kandi umukungugu uzakwirakwira mu gice cyo gutanga umukungugu unyuze mu cyuho. Kugira ngo ugenzure ikwirakwira ry’umukungugu, ni ngombwa kugenzura icyuho kiri hagati y’umukungugu w’umuyobozi n’ikaseti.abakoresha ububiko bw'ibikoreshozikoreshwa aho umuyoboro w’amazi ushyirwa munsi y’umuyoboro w’amazi, kandi hari intera iri hagati y’amatsinda abiri y’ama-buffer idlers. Igihe cyose ibikoresho bimanuwe, kaseti iri hagati y’amatsinda abiri y’ama-buffer idlers irakorwaho hanyuma ikarangirira, bigatuma icyuho kiri hagati ya kaseti n’umuyoboro w’amazi cyiyongera. Kugira ngo hirindwe icyuho kiri hagati ya kaseti n’umuyoboro w’amazi mu gihe cyo kuyagaburira, umuyoboro w’amazi usimbuzwa umuyoboro w’amazi, hanyuma isahani isanzwe ya kaseti isimbuzwa aproni irwanya amazi menshi. Aproni ifite umwanya umwe wo gufunga kurusha isahani isanzwe ya kaseti, bishobora kunoza cyane ingaruka zo gukumira ivumbi.
1.2 Gufunga uruhande rutarahinduka rw'urwego rw'umuyoboro w'amazi
Hari urukuta rw'icyuma rufata ku ruhande rw'icyuma ruzunguruka rw'urwego rw'ingunguru, n'icyuma gipfundikiye ku ruhande rutazunguruka. Ariko, uburyo bwo ku mugozi umanika n'uruziga rushyigikira ku ruhande rutazunguruka buragoye cyane kandi ntibufunze. Binyuze mu kwitegereza aho hantu, umwuka uri mu ruziga uzamuka n'ibikoresho hanyuma ugasurwa ku ruhande rutazunguruka rw'urwego rw'ingunguru iyo icyuma gitangiye gupakurura no kugorama kugeza kuri dogere 100. Umwuka ufunze utwara umukungugu mwinshi uva ku mugozi umanika n'uruziga rushyigikira kugira ngo winjire mu mwanya w'akazi k'urwego rw'ingunguru. Kubwibyo, hashingiwe ku nzira y'imikorere y'umugozi umanika, hakozwe imiterere ifunze y'umugozi umanika, hamwe n'inzugi zo kwinjira ku ruhande rw'inyubako kugira ngo byorohereze abakozi kwinjira mu igenzura no gusukura. Imiterere yo gufunga ivumbi ku ruziga rushyigikira isa n'imiterere y'umugozi umanika.
1.3 Gushyiraho uduce tw'ivumbi ry'ubutaka
Iyo icyuma gisuka ibikoresho, ibikoresho bigwa vuba bikandagira umwuka uri mu cyuma, bigatera kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'umwuka uri mu cyuma gisohora amazi. Bitewe n'ingaruka z'icyuma gifunga, umwuka ufunze ushobora kuzamuka uvuye hasi mu cyuma ugatwara umukungugu kugira ngo winjire vuba ugana ku butaka, ufite uburebure bwa metero 3. Nyuma ya buri gupakurura, umukungugu mwinshi uzagwa ku butaka. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'iki kibazo, hagomba gushyirwaho ibyuma bikingira umukungugu bikikije cyuma gikingira umukungugu, bifite uburebure bwa metero 3.3 kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi rirenze hejuru y'icyuma gikingira umukungugu. Kugira ngo byorohereze kugenzura ibikoresho mu gihe cyo gukora, amadirishya abonerana ashobora gufungurwa ashyirwa ku cyuma gikingira umukungugu.
2. Sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga yo gusuka amazi
Sisitemu y'amazi ikoresha ubwenge igizwe ahanini n'imiyoboro y'amazi, sisitemu yo kumenya ubushuhe, na sisitemu yo kugenzura amazi. Umuyoboro w'amazi uhujwe n'umuyoboro ukuraho ivumbi riri hagati mu cyumba cyo kugaburiramo imyanda. Umuyoboro munini ufite vali z'ibinyugunyugu, ibipimo by'amazi, filters, na vali zigabanya umuvuduko. Buri mashini ifasha mu gukora ifite imiyoboro ibiri y'amashami, buri imwe ifite vali y'umupira ikoreshwa n'intoki na vali y'amashanyarazi. Imiyoboro ibiri y'amashami ifite umubare utandukanye w'imiyoboro, kandi amazi ashobora guhindurwa mu byiciro bitandukanye. Kugira ngo hagerwe ku ngaruka zo kugabanya ivumbi ry'amazi, umuvuduko ku muyoboro ugomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo ingano y'uduce tw'ibitonyanga by'amazi byasutswe mu muyoboro iri hagati ya mm 0.01 na mm 0.05.
3. Sisitemu yo gukumira ivumbi ry’ibihu ry’urwego rwa micron
Iyo ikamyo itwara imyanda ifunguwe, amakara anyura mu muyoboro wo hasi maze agatanga ivumbi ryinshi ry’amakara, rigakwirakwira vuba hejuru y’umuyoboro rigakomeza gukwirakwira. Sisitemu yo guhonyora ivumbi ry’ibihu ry’amazi rishobora gukora ivumbi ry’amazi ryiza rifite umurambararo wa 1-10 μm, rishobora kwinjirira neza ivumbi ry’amakara rihagaze mu kirere, cyane cyane ivumbi ry’amakara rifite umurambararo uri munsi ya 10μm, ku buryo ivumbi ry’amakara rizashira bitewe n’imbaraga rukuruzi, bityo rigatanga ingaruka zo guhonyora ivumbi no gukuraho ivumbi aho rituruka.
4. Sisitemu yo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye
Aho gukurura ivumbi ryumye rishyirwa ku murongo w’ibikoresho munsi y’umuyoboro w’ingunguru n’urukuta rw’icyuma rufata hejuru y’umuyoboro. Umuyaga urimo ivumbi ry’amakara ujyanwa mu mwobo w’ingunguru ryumye unyuze mu muyoboro wo gukuramo ivumbi kugira ngo rikureho ivumbi. Ivumbi ryakuweho risubizwa mu mukandara uri munsi y’umuyoboro unyuze mu cyuma gikurura ivumbi, hanyuma hagashyirwaho umunwa w’ivu aho ivu riterera kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi rizamukira aho igwa.
Bitewe n'ikoreshwa rya sisitemu zo gusuka amazi mu buryo bw'ubwenge, mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa rya tipple, nta mukungugu uzazamuka mu mwobo w'ubuyobozi waumukandara w'umukandaraAriko, iyo nta mazi anyura ku muyoboro w'amazi n'umukandara, gukoresha sisitemu yo gusukura amazi bizatuma amazi yirundanya kandi amakara agafata ku mukandara; Iyo sisitemu yo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye itangiye mu gihe cyo gusukura amazi, bitewe n'ubushuhe bwinshi bw'umwuka w'umukungugu, akenshi bituma agafuka k'urufunguzo gafata kagafunga. Kubwibyo, aho gukurura amazi ku murongo w'inzira yo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye hafatanye na sisitemu yo gusukura amazi yumye. Iyo umuvuduko w'amazi ku mukandara uri hasi ugereranije n'umuvuduko w'amazi washyizweho, sisitemu yo gusukura amazi yumye irahagarara kandi sisitemu yo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye iratangira; Iyo umuvuduko w'amazi ku mukandara uri hejuru ugereranyije n'umuvuduko w'amazi washyizweho, fungura sisitemu yo gusukura amazi yumye hanyuma uhagarike sisitemu yo gukuraho ivumbi ryumye.
Iyo ikamyo ijugunywamo imyanda, umuyaga uterwa uba ukomeye cyane, kandi umwuka uturuka ku muvuduko mwinshi ushobora gusukurwa uturutse hejuru y’umunwa w’umuyoboro w’amazi. Mu gihe utwaye umukungugu mwinshi w’amakara kandi ugakwirakwira hejuru y’aho ukorera, bigira ingaruka ku buryo ibidukikije bikoreramo bikoresha. Gukoresha sisitemu yo guhonyora ivumbi ry’umukungugu ...
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Mata-2023
