2 Mayendedwe apansi panthaka
1) Gulu la zoyendera mobisa
Mayendedwe apansi panthaka ndi njira yofunikira pakukumba ndi kupanga zitsulo zapansi panthaka ndi ore osagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, ndipo ntchito zake zikuphatikiza zoyendera ndi zoyendera pamsewu.Ndi njira yoyendera yoyimitsa mosalekeza, nkhope yokhotakhota komanso nyumba yosungiramo migodi yapansi panthaka, malo odzaza migodi kapena malo osungiramo migodi ndi zinyalala za miyala.Kuyendera kwa Stope kumaphatikizapo mayendedwe amphamvu yokoka, mayendedwe amagetsi, mayendedwe opanda trackless (zoyendera mafosholo, makina onyamula kapena magalimoto amigodi), zoyendera zamakina oyendetsa migodi ndi zida zophulika, ndi zina zambiri. kanjira, ndiko kuti, mayendedwe apamsewu pakati pa poyimitsa, patio kapena msewu womwe uli pansi pa malo otsetsereka kupita ku bini yosungiramo pansi (kapena polowera adit).
Kugawika kwa mayendedwe apansi panthaka molingana ndi mayendedwe ndi zida zonyamulira zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3-4.
Gulu la zoyendera mobisa
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zoyendera zapansi panthaka zikuyenda bwino komanso zogwira ntchito, zida zothandizira zoyendera ndizofunikira kwambiri.
2) Njira zoyendera pansi pa nthaka
Kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka migodi yapansi panthaka nthawi zambiri amatsimikiziridwa pakupanga ndi kupanga ma depositi ore.Mfundo zotsimikizika ziyenera kuganiziridwa momwe kasungidwe kasungidwe, dongosolo lachitukuko, njira yamigodi, kuchuluka kwa migodi, moyo wautumiki wopangira, chitukuko cha zida zoyendera ndi kasamalidwe ka bizinesiyo.Iyenera kukhala yotsogola komanso yodalirika muukadaulo, yololera komanso yopindulitsa pazachuma, yotetezeka pakugwira ntchito, yabwino pakuwongolera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono komanso ndalama zochepa.
(1) Ulendo wa njanji
Mayendedwe a njanji nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mayendedwe a locomotive, omwe ndi njira yayikulu yoyendetsera migodi yapansi panthaka kunyumba ndi kunja.Mayendedwe a njanji amapangidwa makamaka ndi magalimoto amigodi, zida zokokera ndi makina othandizira ndi zida zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njira yoyendetsera bwino ndi ore, kunyamula,lamba conveyorkapena zida zoyendera zopanda trackless, popanga zimatha kunyamula miyala, zinyalala, zida, zida ndi antchito.Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakonzekera kupanga ndikuzindikira mphamvu yopangira mgodi.
Ubwino wa mayendedwe a njanji ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kupanga (kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma locomotives), mtunda wopanda malire wamayendedwe, chuma chabwino, kusinthika kwadongosolo, ndipo amatha kunyamula ma ore osiyanasiyana motsatira mzere wa bifurcation.The kuipa ndi kuti mayendedwe ndi wapakatikati, dzuwa kupanga zimadalira mlingo wa ntchito bungwe ali ndi malire (nthawi zambiri 3 ‰ ~ 5 ‰), ndipo n'zovuta kuonetsetsa chitetezo chitetezo pamene otsetsereka mzere ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
Kuthamanga pa njanji ndi njira yaikulu yopingasa mtunda wautali.Ma track gauge amagawidwa mu standard gauge ndi yopapatiza.The standard gauge ndi 1435mm, ndi yopapatiza gauge anawagawa 3 mitundu: 600mm, 762mm ndi 900 mm.Malinga ndi gauge yosiyana, locomotive akhoza kugawidwa mu standard gauge locomotive ndi yopapatiza gauge locomotive;molingana ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, locomotive ya migodi imatha kugawidwa kukhala locomotive magetsi, locomotive dizilo ndi locomotive steam.Ma locomotives a nthunzi achotsedwa kwenikweni, ndipo ma locomotives a dizilo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba.Malo opangira magetsi amayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, malinga ndi momwe magetsi amapangidwira, malo opangira magetsi amatha kugawidwa mu DC magetsi oyendetsa magetsi ndi AC electric locomotive, DC electric locomotive ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Tsopano, pali ambiri owerenga anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kutembenuka galimoto galimoto.Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi, malo opangira magetsi a DC amagawidwa kukhala ma locomotive amagetsi amtundu wa waya ndi malo opangira magetsi a batri, ndipo zambiri zomwe sizimagwiritsa ntchito mgodi wa malasha pansi pa nthaka ku China ndi mawaya amtundu wamagetsi amagetsi.
Ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, otsika mtengo, kukonza kosavuta, mayendedwe akulu a locomotive, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuyendetsa bwino kwamagetsi, kutsika mtengo kwamayendedwe, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Choyipa ndichakuti zowongolera ndi ma wiring sizisintha mokwanira;kukula kwa msewu ndi chitetezo cha oyenda pansi kumakhudza phokoso pakati pa pantograph ndipo mzerewu suloledwa pomanga migodi yoopsa ya gasi, koma m'kupita kwanthawi, mtengo wonse wa galimotoyo ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa galimoto ya batri.Mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC ndi 250V ndi 550V.
Battery electric motor ndi batire yoperekera magetsi.Battery nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu garaja yamagalimoto apansi panthaka.Batire yamotoyo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, ndikofunikira kusintha batire yoyipitsidwa.Ubwino wa mtundu uwu wamagetsi amagetsi ndikuti palibe ngozi yowongoka, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa migodi ya gasi popanda mzere wofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha, kutulutsa pang'ono, njira zoyendera zapamsewu mosakhazikika komanso mayendedwe apamsewu ndioyenera kwambiri.Zoyipa zake ndikuti ndalama zoyambira zolipiritsa zimakhala ndi magetsi otsika komanso mtengo wokwera.Nthawi zambiri, waya wama waya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lamigodi, ndipo gawo lachitukuko limatha kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto ya batri kuthana ndi zomwe zili kunja.Pobwerera mumsewu wa mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wophulika, sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mgodi wa sulfure wambiri ndi ngozi yamoto wachilengedwe, injini ya batri yosaphulika iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuwonjezera pamwamba pa mitundu iwiri yamagalimoto amagetsi, pali duplex mphamvu magetsi Motors, makamaka akhoza kugawidwa mu waya —— batire mtundu magetsi locomotive ndi chingwe mtundu magetsi locomotive.Pali chojambulira chodziwikiratu panjanji yamagetsi ya batri, yomwe imatha kukweza kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha.Pogwira ntchito mumsewu woyendetsa, chingwe chamagetsi, koma mtunda woyendetsa chingwe chamagetsi sichidzapitirira kutalika kwa chingwe.
Mkati kuyaka locomotives safuna mzere, ndalama otsika, kusintha kwambiri.Komabe, dongosololi ndi lovuta ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umayipitsa mpweya, choncho m'pofunika kukhazikitsa chipangizo choyeretsera mpweya pa doko lotulutsa mpweya ndikulimbitsa mpweya wabwino.Pakalipano, migodi yochepa chabe ku China imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo lolowa bwino la adit pamwamba ndi kayendedwe kamtunda, ndipo migodi yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi yakunja.
Magalimoto oyendetsa migodi amanyamula miyala (miyala yonyansa), magalimoto a anthu ndi magalimoto, magalimoto amtundu, magalimoto ophulika, magalimoto oyendetsa madzi, magalimoto oyaka moto ndi magalimoto aukhondo ndi magalimoto ena apadera.
(2) Mayendedwe opanda njira
M'zaka za m'ma 1960, ndi kukonza kwa zida zapansi panthaka, ukadaulo wamigodi wopanda trackless wapangidwanso mwachangu.
Magalimoto apansi panthaka ndi galimoto yodziyendetsa yokha yopangidwira mgodi wapansi panthaka.Ndilo galimoto yayikulu yoyendera kuti izindikire ukadaulo wa migodi wopanda njira, ndipo ili ndi maubwino akuyenda, kusinthasintha, mphamvu zambiri komanso chuma.magalimoto mobisa migodi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yonse ya migodi mobisa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwa migodi kumatheka, amene sangathe kusintha ntchito zokolola ndi linanena bungwe migodi mobisa, kulimbikitsa kukula mosalekeza wa sikelo kupanga, komanso kusintha ndondomeko migodi, njira migodi. ndi ma tunneling ndi kayendedwe ka migodi yotere.Makamaka ndi chitukuko cha makina opangira migodi, migodi yanzeru ndi matekinoloje ena ndi machitidwe m'zaka zaposachedwa, migodi yapansi panthaka imayenda motsatira njira yosayendetsedwa ndi migodi yopanda njira.
①Ubwino waukulu wamagalimoto oyendetsa migodi mobisa ndikuti
a.Kusuntha kosinthika, kokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga.Mwala wa migodi wa nkhope ya migodi ukhoza kutengedwera mwachindunji kumalo aliwonse otsitsa popanda kusamutsidwa kwapakati, ndipo ogwira ntchito, zipangizo ndi zipangizo zomwe zili pamalo otsitsa zingathenso kufika mwachindunji kumalo ogwirira ntchito popanda kusamutsa.
b.Pazifukwa zina, kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto oyendetsa migodi mobisa kumatha kupulumutsa zida, zitsulo ndi antchito.
c.Asanamalize zida zonse za shaft, ndizotheka kupititsa patsogolo ndikuwongolera migodi ndi kunyamula matupi a ore ndi m'mphepete mwapang'onopang'ono.
d.Pansi pa mtunda wololera zoyendera, mobisa migodi magalimoto zoyendera ndi maulalo kupanga ndi zochepa, amene kwambiri kusintha ntchito zokolola.
②Kuipa kwamayendedwe apagalimoto apansi panthaka ndi awa:
a.Ngakhale magalimoto apansi panthaka ali ndi zida zoyeretsera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, mpweya wotuluka mu injini ya dizilo umawononga mpweya wapansi panthaka, womwe sungathe kuthetsedwabe mpaka pano.Njira monga kulimbikitsa mpweya wabwino nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mtengo wa zida zopangira mpweya wabwino.
b.Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa msewu wa mgodi wapansi panthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito matayala kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo mtengo wa zida zosinthira ukuwonjezeka.
c.Ntchito yokonza ndi yayikulu, imafuna ogwira ntchito yokonza aluso komanso malo okonzekera bwino.
d.Pofuna kuyendetsa kuyendetsa magalimoto oyendetsa migodi pansi pa nthaka, kukula kwa gawo la msewu wofunikira ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wa chitukuko.
③ Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto odzitsitsa okha pansi, magalimoto oyendetsa migodi pansi pa nthaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe awa:
a.Ikhoza kusonkhanitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa, yabwino bwino bwino.
b.Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero chodziwika bwino, chiwongolero cha hydraulic, m'lifupi mwagalimoto yagalimoto ndi yopapatiza, utali wozungulira ndi wocheperako.
c.Kutalika kwa thupi lagalimoto ndikotsika, nthawi zambiri 2 ~ 3m, komwe kuli koyenera kugwira ntchito m'malo opapatiza komanso otsika pansi, okhala ndi mphamvu yokoka, yomwe imakulitsa luso lokwera.
d.Liwiro loyendetsa ndi lotsika, ndipo mphamvu yake ya injini ndi yaying'ono, motero imachepetsa utsi wotulutsa.
(3)Wonyamula lambamayendedwe
Mayendedwe a Belt conveyor ndi njira yopitilira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula miyala yamchere, imathanso kunyamula zida ndi antchito.Njira yoyendetsera iyi ili ndi mphamvu zazikulu zopangira, zotetezeka komanso zodalirika, zogwira ntchito zosavuta komanso zodziwikiratu.Pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yamphamvu kwambiri, mayendedwe oyendetsa lamba ali ndi mawonekedwe amtunda wautali, voliyumu yayikulu komanso liwiro lalikulu, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zoyendetsera bwino zida zamakono zamigodi.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kayendedwe ka lamba muzitsulo zapansi panthaka kumachepetsedwa ndi thanthwe, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kupendekera kwapamsewu, kupindika ndi zina zotero.Nthawi zambiri, miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhayokha (yosakwana 350mm) ndi yomwe imatha kunyamulidwa, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi voliyumu yayikulu, njira yaying'ono yapamsewu, komanso yopanda ma curves.
Mayendedwe apansi pa lamba wonyamula ma conveyor amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ① mayendedwe a stope belt conveyor malinga ndi malo omwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso ntchito zomaliza za mayendedwe, zomwe zimalandila mwachindunji ndikunyamula miyala yamchere kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito. kapena ma conveyor a lamba ambiri.③ Kunyamula lamba wa thunthu, kumanyamula miyala yonse yapansi panthaka, kuphatikiza chonyamulira lamba pamwamba pa zonyamulira lamba.
Lamba wonyamulira amatha kugawidwa mumitundu yoyambira komanso yapadera molingana ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo mtundu woyambira umagawidwa kukhala lathyathyathya ndi poyambira.Pakalipano, woyimilira lamba wapadera ali ndi lamba wakuya wa groove, conveyor lamba wam'mphepete mwa malata, chitsanzo cha lamba woyendetsa, tubular belt conveyor, air khushion lamba conveyor, pressure lamba conveyor, kupindika lamba ndi zina zotero.
Mayendedwe a Belt conveyor amazindikira kupitiliza kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu.Poyerekeza ndi zida zina zotumizira, ili ndi izi:
① mphamvu yotumiza.The pazipita mphamvu zoweta lamba conveyor wafika 8400t / h, ndi mphamvu pazipita lamba conveyor yachilendo wafika 37500t / h.
②Kutumiza kwautali.Malingana ngati pali lamba wokwanira wokwanira, kuchokera ku luso lamakono, woyendetsa lamba mumtunda wotumizira siwochepa.Utali umodzi wa conveyor lamba wapakhomo wafika 15.84km.
③Kusinthasintha kwamtunda kwamphamvu.The lamba conveyor akhoza azolowere kumtunda kuchokera pakatikati pamapindikira danga ndi yopingasa ndege, kuti kuchepetsa maulalo wapakatikati monga siteshoni kutengerapo ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zomangamanga, kuti kupewa kusokoneza misewu, njanji, mapiri, mitsinje. , mitsinje ndi mizinda kuchokera mumlengalenga kapena ndege.
④Mapangidwe osavuta, otetezeka komanso odalirika.Kudalirika kwa conveyor lamba kwatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito zambiri m'munda wa mafakitale.
⑤Ndalama zotsika mtengo.Nthawi ya ola komanso mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pamayendedwe amtundu wotumizira lamba nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwambiri pakati pa magalimoto kapena zida zonse zochulukira, ndipo kukonza kumakhala kosavuta komanso kwachangu.
⑥ Mkulu digiri ya zochita zokha.Njira yotumizira lamba ndiyosavuta, ndende ya zida zamagetsi, kuwongolera kwakukulu, kosavuta kukwaniritsa zokha.
⑦ Ili ndi mawonekedwe a nyengo yotsika komanso kutalika kwa moyo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-16-2023
