Ⅱ Umoya wokungenisa umoya emayini
Ngaphansi komhlaba, ngenxaukumbiwa kwezimayiniUkusebenza kanye nokushiswa kwamaminerali nezinye izizathu, ukwakheka komoya kuzoshintsha, okubonakala kakhulu njengokunciphisa umoya-mpilo, ukwanda kwamagesi anobuthi nayingozi, ukuxubana kothuli lwamaminerali, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ushintsho lwengcindezi, njll. Lezi zinguquko zibangela umonakalo kanye nomthelela empilweni nasekuphepheni kwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yabasebenzi kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezifanele, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokuqhubekayo, kuyadingeka ukuthumela umoya omusha usuka phansi uye ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi kukhishwe umoya ongcolile usuka phansi uye phansi, okuyinhloso yokungenisa umoya emayini.
1 Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya emayini
Ukuze kuthunyelwe umoya omusha owanele ebusweni bemayini engaphansi komhlaba ngendlela ethile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhishwe umoya ongcolile emayini ngendlela ethile, kuyadingeka ukuthi imayini ibe nohlelo lokungenisa umoya olufanele.
1) Ngokusho kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe noma lwesifunda lwemayini yonke
Imayini yakha uhlelo lokungenisa umoya oluhlanganisiwe olubizwa ngokuthi ukungenisa umoya okufanayo. Imayini ihlukaniswe ngezinhlelo eziningana zokungenisa umoya ezizimele, futhi uhlelo ngalunye lunendawo yalo yokungenisa umoya, ishafti yokukhipha umoya kanye namandla okungenisa umoya. Nakuba kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kweshafti nendlela, ukugeleza komoya akuphazamisi futhi kuzimele komunye nomunye, okubizwa ngokuthi ukungenisa umoya ohlukanisayo.
Umoya ohlangene unezinzuzo zomoya ophumayo oqinile, imishini yomoya omncane kanye nokuphathwa okuphakathi okulula. Ezimayini ezinesikhala esincane sokumba kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa zokuphuma, ikakhulukazi izimayini ezijulile, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa umoya ohlangene wemayini yonke.
Umoya wokungenisa umoya endaweni ethile unezinzuzo zomgwaqo omfushane womoya, amandla amancane e-Yin, ukuvuza komoya okuncane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, inethiwekhi elula, kulula ukulawula ukuhamba komoya, kuwusizo ekunciphiseni uchungechunge lomoya ongcolile kanye nokusatshalaliswa komthamo womoya, futhi kungathola umphumela wokungenisa umoya ongcono. Ngakho-ke, umoya wokungenisa umoya ohlukanisiwe usetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinye izimayini ezinemizimba yensimbi engajulile nehlakazekile noma izimayini ezinemizimba yensimbi engajulile kanye nemithombo eminingi ebusweni.
Umoya wokungenisa umoya endaweni ungahlukaniswa ngokuya ngomzimba wetshe,ukumbiwa kwezimayiniindawo kanye nezinga lesiteji.
2) Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwelungiselelo lomgodi womoya wokungena kanye nomgodi womoya wokukhipha umoya
Uhlelo ngalunye lokungenisa umoya kufanele okungenani lube nomthombo wokungenisa umoya othembekile kanye nomthombo wokukhipha umoya othembekile. Ngokuvamile umthombo wokuphakamisa ikheji usetshenziswa njengomgodi womoya, ezinye izimayini zisebenzisa nomgodi womoya okhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi ukugeleza komoya wokukhipha umoya kuqukethe inani elikhulu legesi enobuthi kanye nothuli, iMigodi yokukhipha umoya ngokuvamile ikhethekile.
Ngokwesikhundla esihlobene somgodi womoya wokungena kanye nomthombo womoya wokukhipha, ungahlukaniswa ngamalungiselelo amathathu ahlukene: izinhlobo ezixubile eziphakathi, ezivundlile kanye nezivundlile eziphakathi.
① Isitayela esiphakathi
Umthombo wokungena komoya kanye nomthombo wokukhipha umoya kutholakala maphakathi nomzimba wetshe, futhi indlela yokugeleza komoya ngaphansi komhlaba ishintshiwe, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3-7.
uhlelo lokungenisa umoya oluphakathi
Ukuhlelwa okuphakathi kunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi zengqalasizinda, ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo, ukwakhiwa komhlaba okuphakathi, ukuphathwa okulula, umsebenzi wokujula komgodi olula, okulula ukuwufeza ngokumelene nomoya. Ukuhlelwa okuphakathi kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukumba imizimba yensimbi elaminethiwe.
② Umugqa ovundlile
Kungene emshafini womoya ephikweni lomzimba we-ore, umshafini wokukhipha umoya kwelinye iphiko lomzimba we-ore, obizwa ngokuthi iphiko elilodwa eliqondile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni 3-8 kungene emshafini womoya phakathi komzimba we-ore, umshafini womoya obuyayo emaphikweni amabili, obizwa ngokuthi amaphiko amabili aqondile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni 3-9 lapho umzimba we-ore umude kakhulu, kungene emshafini womoya kanye nomshafini wokukhipha umoya eceleni kwesakhiwo se-interval noma ubukhulu bomzimba we-ore, kungene emshafini womoya, umshafini wokukhipha umoya ozungeze isakhiwo somzimba we-ore, obizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-interval diagonal. Ekungeneni komoya okuqondile, umzila wokugeleza komoya emayini uqondile.
Umshini wokungenisa umoya ovundlile onephiko elilodwa
Ukuhlelwa okuqondile kunezinzuzo zomugqa womoya omfushane, ukulahleka okuncane komfutho womoya, ukuvuza okuncane komoya, umfutho womoya ozinzile ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwemayini, ukusatshalaliswa komthamo womoya ofanayo, kanye nebanga elide ukusuka ebusweni bendawo yezimboni. Imodi yokwakheka okuqondile ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimayini zensimbi.
③ Uhlobo lokuxuba oluvundlile oluphakathi
Uma umzimba we-ore umude futhi ububanzi bokumba bubanzi, intuthuko ephakathi, ingahlelwa phakathi komzimba we-ore, ukuze kuxazululwe umoya wokumba we-ore body ephakathi emgodini wokukhipha umoya emaphikweni amabili emayini, kuxazululwe umoya wokumba we-ore body ekude, umzimba wonke we-ore unamaphakathi nendawo kanye ne-diagonal, okwenza i-diagonal ephakathi exubile.
Nakuba izinhlobo zokuhlelwa komthombo wokungenisa umoya kanye nomthombo wokukhipha umoya zingafingqwa njengezinhlobo ezingenhla, ngenxa yezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvela komzimba we-ore kanye nezindlela ezahlukene zokuxhashazwa kanye nokumba, ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni, uhlelo kufanele lwenziwe ngokwezimo ezithile zemayini ngayinye, ngaphandle kwemingcele yezinhlobo ezingenhla.
3) Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwefeni
Izindlela zokusebenza zefeni zifaka phakathi uhlobo lokucindezela, uhlobo lokukhipha kanye nohlobo oluxubile.
① Ingcindezi
Umoya wokungenisa umoya ocindezelekile ukwenza lonke uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lwakhe isimo sokucindezela okuhle ngaphezu kokucindezela komoya wendawo ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya oyinhloko. Ngenxa yokugcwala komoya, i-gradient yokucindezela okuphezulu engxenyeni yokungena komoya ingenza ukugeleza komoya omusha kuthunyelwe ngokushesha ngaphansi komhlaba ngendlela yokungenisa umoya ekhethiwe, ukugwema ukungcola kweminye imisebenzi, futhi ikhwalithi yomoya ilungile.
Ububi bomoya wokungenisa umoya ocindezelekile ukuthi izindawo zokulawula ukugeleza komoya njengeminyango yomoya zidinga ukuba sezindaweni zokungenisa umoya. Ngenxa yokuhamba njalo kanye nabantu abahamba ngezinyawo, akulula ukuphatha nokulawula, futhi phansi komthombo kunokuvuza okukhulu komoya. Umfutho ophansi wokucindezela wakheka kumshini wokuphefumula oyinhloko esigabeni sokukhipha umoya, futhi umoya ongcolile awukwazi ukukhishwa ngokushesha emthonjeni womoya ngokwendlela ekhethiwe, okwenza ukugeleza komoya ongaphansi komhlaba kungaphazamiseki. Engeza ukuphazamiseka komoya wemvelo, ngisho nokuhlanekezela komoya, ukungcola kwesimo somoya esisha.
②Uhlobo lokuphuma
Umoya wokukhipha umoya uwukuthi wonke uhlelo lokungenisa umoya ngaphansi kwesenzo sefeni eliyinhloko lwenze umfutho ongemuhle ophansi kunomfutho womoya wendawo. Ngenxa yokugcwala komoya wokukhipha umoya kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhipha umoya, umoya wokukhipha umoya ubangela ukuthambekela okuphezulu komoya wokukhipha umoya ohlangothini lokukhipha umoya, okwenza umoya ongcolile wendawo ngayinye yokusebenza ugxile ngokushesha emgudwini wokukhipha umoya, futhi intuthu yohlelo lokukhipha umoya ilula ukusabalala kwezinye izindlela, futhi isivinini sokukhipha umoya womusi siyashesha. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yokungenisa umoya wokukhipha umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokupholisa umoya kanye nokulawula zifakiwe emgudwini wokukhipha umoya, aziphazamisi ukuthuthwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, ukuphathwa okulula, nokulawula okuthembekile.
Ububi bomoya wokungenisa umoya ukuthi uma uhlelo lokukhipha umoya lungaqinile, kulula ukubangela isimo sokumuncwa komoya we-short circuit. Ikakhulukazi uma indlela yokugoba isetshenziswa ukumba, indawo yokwehla kobuso kanye ne-goaf kuxhunyiwe, lesi simo sibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcindezi yomoya yendawo yokusebenza kanye nesistimu yonke yokungenisa umoya iphansi, kanti umgwaqo womoya wokungenisa umoya uthintwa yingcindezi yomoya yemvelo, okulula ukuyibuyisela emuva, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokugeleza komoya ngaphansi komhlaba. Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lokukhipha lwenza indawo yokuphakamisa eyinhloko ibe yindawo yokungenisa umoya, futhi izimayini zasenyakatho kufanele zicabangele umthombo wokuphakamisa ebusika.
Iningi lezimayini zensimbi nezinye ezingezona zamalahle eShayina zisebenzisa umoya odonsayo.
3) Ingxube yokucindezela nokupompa
Umoya oxubile womoya opompa ingcindezi ulawulwa yifeni eyinhloko ohlangothini lokungena kanye nohlangothi lokukhipha umoya, ukuze ingxenye yokungena kanye nengxenye yokukhipha umoya ngaphansi kwesenzo somfutho womoya ophezulu kanye nokuthambekela komfutho, ukugeleza komoya ngokwendlela ekhethiwe, ukukhishwa komusi kusheshe, ukuvuza komoya kuncishiswe, akulula ukuphazamiseka umoya wemvelo futhi kubangele ukubuyela emuva komoya. Inzuzo yemodi yokungenisa umoya yokucindezela kanye nemodi yokungenisa umoya yokumunca iyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa umphumela womoya wokungenisa umoya emayini.
Ububi bokucindezela kanye nokupompa umoya oxubile ukuthi kudingeka imishini eminingi yokungenisa umoya, futhi ukuhamba komoya engxenyeni yomoya akukwazi ukulawulwa. Ukuvuza komoya phansi kwendawo yokungena yomthombo kanye nendawo yokuwa kohlangothi lokukhipha umoya kusekhona, kodwa kuncane kakhulu.
Uma ukhetha imodi yokungenisa umoya, ukuthi indawo inendawo yokuwa noma ezinye iziteshi okunzima ukuzihlukanisa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ezimayini eziqukethe izakhi zomsakazo noma amatshe amaminerali anengozi yokusha ngokuzenzakalelayo, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlobo lokupompa ingcindezi noma uhlobo oluxubile lokupompa ingcindezi, futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlobo lomshini olulawulwayo olunezigaba eziningi. Ezimayini ezingenayo indawo yokusibekela ebusweni noma indawo yokusibekela kodwa ezingagcina ipayipi lokukhipha umoya liqinile ngokugcwalisa nokuvala, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlobo lokukhipha noma uhlobo lokukhipha ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lokukhipha. Ezimayini ezinezindawo eziningi zokusibekela ebusweni, kanye nezimayini ezingahlukaniswa kalula phakathi komsele wokukhipha umoya kanye ne-goaf, noma izimayini ezivulwe kusukela emoyeni ovulekile kuya ekumbeni okungaphansi komhlaba, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlobo oluyinhloko lokucindezela nokupompa oluxubile noma uhlobo oluxubile lwesiteshi somshini olunezigaba eziningi.
Indawo yokufaka umshini wokuphefumula oyinhloko ngokuvamile iphansi futhi ingafakwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Inzuzo yokufaka phansi ukuthi ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, ukulungiswa kanye nokuphathwa kulula kakhulu futhi akulula ukukulimaza ngenxa yezinhlekelele ezingaphansi komhlaba. Inkinga ukuthi ukuvalwa kwekhanda lomthombo, idivayisi ebuyela emuva kanye nomhubhe womoya kunezindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kanye nokuvuza komoya ojikelezayo; lapho imayini ijulile futhi ubuso obusebenzayo bukude kakhulu nomshini wokuphefumula oyinhloko, izindleko zokufaka nezokwakha ziphezulu. Inzuzo yomshini wokuphefumula oyinhloko ofakwe ngaphansi komhlaba ukuthi idivayisi yomshini wokuphefumula oyinhloko ivuza kancane, ifeni iseduze nengxenye yomoya, ukuvuza komoya okuncane endleleni kungasebenzisa umoya omningi noma i-exhaust ngesikhathi esifanayo, okunganciphisa ukumelana komoya futhi kunciphise ukuvala. Inkinga yayo ukuthi ukufakwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuphathwa akulungile, kulula ukukulimaza ngenxa yezinhlekelele ezingaphansi komhlaba.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-31-2023
