Ⅱ Umoya wokungenisa umoya emgodini
Kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba, ngenxaukumbiwa kwemigodiUkusebenza kunye ne-oxidation yezimbiwa kunye nezinye izizathu, ukwakheka komoya kuya kutshintsha, okubonakala ikakhulu njengokunciphisa ioksijini, ukwanda kweegesi ezinobuthi neziyingozi, ukuxuba uthuli lwezimbiwa, ubushushu, ukufuma, utshintsho loxinzelelo, njl. Olu tshintsho lubangela ingozi kunye nefuthe kwimpilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yabasebenzi kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo neqhubekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuthumela umoya omtsha ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya phantsi komhlaba, kunye nokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo ukusuka phantsi komhlaba ukuya emhlabeni, injongo yokungenisa umoya emgodini.
1 Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya emgodini
Ukuze kuthunyelwe umoya omtsha owaneleyo kwindawo yokwemba engaphantsi komhlaba kwicala elithile nangendlela ethile, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kukhutshwe umoya ongcolileyo kwimigodi kwicala elithile nangendlela ethile, kuyimfuneko ukufuna ukuba imigodi ibe nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya efanelekileyo.
1) Ngokwendlela edibeneyo okanye yengingqi yomgodi wonke
Umgodi wenza inkqubo yokungenisa umoya edibeneyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-uniform ventilation. Umgodi wahlulwe waba ziinkqubo ezininzi zokungenisa umoya ezizimeleyo, kwaye inkqubo nganye inendlela yayo yokungenisa umoya, i-exhaust shaft kunye namandla okungenisa umoya. Nangona kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-shaft kunye nendlela, ukuhamba komoya akungqubani kwaye kuzimele, okubizwa ngokuba yi-partition ventilation.
Umoya odibeneyo unezibonelelo zokukhupha umoya oxineneyo, izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezimbalwa kunye nolawulo olulungeleyo oluphakathi. Kwimigodi eneendawo ezincinci zokwemba kunye neendawo ezimbalwa zokuphuma, ingakumbi imigodi enzulu, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa umoya odibeneyo wemigodi yonke.
Umoya wokungena kwindawo unezibonelelo zendlela emfutshane yomoya, amandla amancinci e-Yin, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, inethiwekhi elula, kulula ukulawula ukuhamba komoya, kuluncedo ekunciphiseni uthotho lomoya ongcolileyo kunye nokusasazwa komthamo womoya, kwaye kunokufumana isiphumo somoya esingcono. Ke ngoko, umoya wokungena kwindawo yokwahlulwahlulwa usetyenziswa kakhulu kwezinye iimigodi ezinemizimba ye-ore enganzulu nesasazekileyo okanye iimigodi ezinemizimba ye-ore enganzulu kunye nemithombo engaphezulu engaphezulu.
Umoya wokungena kwindawo ungahlulwa ngokwendawo etyebileyo,ukumbiwa kwemigodiindawo kunye nenqanaba lesiteji.
2) Uhlu ngokwendlela olucwangciswe ngayo umgodi womoya wokungena kunye nomgodi womoya ophumayo
Inkqubo nganye yokungenisa umoya kufuneka ibe nomthombo wokungenisa umoya othembekileyo kunye nomthombo wokukhupha umoya othembekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo umthombo wokuphakamisa iikheyiji usetyenziswa njengomngxuma womoya, eminye imigodi ikwasebenzisa umngxuma womoya okhethekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuhamba komoya wokukhupha umoya kuqulethe inani elikhulu legesi enobuthi kunye nothuli, iMingxunya yokukhupha umoya ngokubanzi ikhethekile.
Ngokwendawo ehambelanayo yeshaft yomoya wokungena kunye nequla lomoya ophumayo, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: iifom ezixutyiweyo eziphakathi, ezithe tyaba kunye nezithe tyaba eziphakathi.
① Isitayile esiphakathi
Umthombo wokungena komoya kunye nomthombo wokukhupha umoya zikumbindi womzimba wentsimbi, kwaye indlela yokuhamba komoya ohamba phantsi komhlaba ijikwe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3-7.
inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ephakathi
Uyilo oluphakathi luneengenelo zokuba neendleko eziphantsi zeziseko zophuhliso, imveliso ekhawulezayo, ulwakhiwo lomhlaba oluphakathi, ulawulo olulula, umsebenzi olula wobunzulu bomngxuma, kulula ukuwuphumeza ngokuchasene nomoya. Uyilo oluphakathi lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekumbeni imizimba yentsimbi elaminethiweyo.
② I-diagonal
Kwi-air shaft ephikweni lomzimba we-ore, i-exhaust shaft kwelinye iphiko lomzimba we-ore, ebizwa ngokuba yi-single wing diagonal, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3-8 kwi-air shaft ephakathi komzimba we-ore, i-return air shaft emaphikweni amabini, ebizwa ngokuba ngamaphiko amabini ajikelezayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3-9 xa umzimba we-ore umde kakhulu, kwi-air shaft nakwi-exhaust shaft ecaleni kwe-interval layout okanye ubukhulu bomzimba we-ore, kwi-air shaft, i-exhaust shaft ejikeleze i-ore body layout, ebizwa ngokuba yi-interval diagonal type. Kwi-diagonal ventilation, indlela yokuhamba komoya emgodini ithe ngqo.
Ishafti yomoya ejikelezayo enephiko elinye
Ulungiselelo olune-diagonal luneengenelo zomgca womoya omfutshane, ukulahleka koxinzelelo lomoya okuncinci, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci, uxinzelelo lomoya oluzinzileyo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemigodi, ukusasazwa komthamo womoya ofanayo, kunye nomgama omde ukusuka kumphezulu ukusuka kwindawo yemizi-mveliso. Imo yoyilo olune-diagonal isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimigodi yesinyithi.
③ Uhlobo lokuxuba oluphakathi olujikajikayo
Xa umzimba we-ore umde kwaye uluhlu lokumba lubanzi, uphuhliso oluphakathi, lunokulungiswa phakathi komzimba we-ore, ukusombulula umoya wokwemba umzimba we-ore ophakathi kwi-exhaust shaft kumaphiko amabini emigodi, ukusombulula umoya wokwemba umzimba we-ore okude, umzimba wonke we-ore unamacala amabini aphakathi kunye namacala ahlukeneyo, okwenza i-diagonal ephakathi exutyiweyo.
Nangona iindlela zokulungiselela umthombo wokungenisa umoya kunye nomthombo wokukhupha umoya zingashwankathelwa njengezi ntlobo zingasentla, ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zokuvela komzimba we-ore kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye nokumbiwa, kwindlela yoyilo kunye nemveliso, ulungiselelo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yomgodi ngamnye, ngaphandle kwemida yeentlobo ezingasentla.
3) Uhlu ngokwendlela yokusebenza yefeni
Iindlela zokusebenza zefeni ziquka uhlobo loxinzelelo, uhlobo lokukhupha kunye nohlobo oluxutyiweyo.
① Uxinzelelo
Umoya ongeniswayo ngoxinzelelo kukwenza yonke inkqubo yomoya ukuba yenze imeko yoxinzelelo oluhle ngaphezu koxinzelelo lomoya lwasekhaya phantsi kwesenzo sefeni yoxinzelelo oluphambili. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomoya, i-gradient yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicandelo lokungena komoya inokwenza ukuhamba komoya omtsha kuthunyelwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi komhlaba ngendlela yomoya emiselweyo, ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko oluvela kwezinye iindawo, kwaye umgangatho womoya ulungile.
Ingxaki yokungena komoya ngaphakathi koxinzelelo kukuba izixhobo zokulawula ukuhamba komoya ezifana neengcango zomoya kufuneka zibe kwindawo yokungena komoya. Ngenxa yokuhamba rhoqo kunye nabahambi ngeenyawo, akulula ukuyilawula nokuyilawula, kwaye umzantsi womthombo uvuza kakhulu. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwenziwa kwi-ventilator ephambili kwicandelo lokukhupha umoya, kwaye umoya ongcolileyo awunakukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emthonjeni womoya ngokwendlela emiselweyo, okwenza ukuhamba komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba kungaphazamiseki. Yongeza ukuphazamiseka komoya wendalo, nokuba umoya ubuyela umva, ungcoliseko lwento entsha yomoya.
② Uhlobo lokuphuma
Umoya okhupha umoya kukwenza yonke inkqubo yomoya phantsi kwesenzo sefeni ephambili yenze uxinzelelo olubi oluphantsi kunoxinzelelo lomoya lwasekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomoya okhupha umoya kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhupha umoya, umoya okhupha umoya ubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicala lomoya okhupha umoya, nto leyo eyenza umoya ongcolileyo womphezulu ngamnye osebenzayo ukhawuleze ugxile kumjelo wokukhupha umoya, kwaye umsi wenkqubo yokukhupha umoya awulula ukusasazeka kwezinye iindlela, kwaye isantya sokukhupha umoya sikhawuleza. Le yinzuzo enkulu yokukhupha umoya. Ukongeza, izixhobo zomoya opholileyo kunye nolawulo zifakwe kumjelo wokukhupha umoya, aziphazamisi ukuthuthwa kwabahambi ngeenyawo, ulawulo olulula, ulawulo oluthembekileyo.
Ingxaki yokufunxa umoya kukuba xa inkqubo yokukhupha umoya ingaqinanga, kulula ukubangela into yokufunxa umoya ojikelezayo omfutshane. Ingakumbi xa indlela yokuwa isetyenziswa ukumba, indawo yokuhla komphezulu kunye ne-goaf zidibene, le nto imbi ngakumbi. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo lomoya lomphezulu osebenzayo kunye nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya iphantsi, kwaye indlela yomoya yokungenisa umoya ichaphazeleka luxinzelelo lomoya lwendalo, olulula ukulubuyisela umva, nto leyo ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba. Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya yokukhupha yenza indawo ephambili yokuphakamisa kakuhle kwindawo yokungenisa umoya, kwaye imigodi yasemantla kufuneka icinge ngomthombo wokuphakamisa ebusika.
Uninzi lwemigodi yesinyithi kunye neminye engeyoyamalahle eTshayina isebenzisa umoya ophumayo.
3) Umxube woxinzelelo kunye nokupompa
Umoya oxutyiweyo wokupompa uxinzelelo ulawulwa yifeni ephambili kwicala lokungena kunye necala lokukhupha umoya, ukuze icandelo lokungena kunye necandelo lokukhupha umoya phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu kunye ne-gradient yoxinzelelo, ukuhamba komoya ngokwendlela emiselweyo, ukukhupha umsi kukhawuleza, ukuvuza komoya kuncitshisiwe, akukho lula ukuphazamiseka ngumoya wendalo kwaye kubangele umva womoya. Inzuzo yendlela yokungenisa umoya yoxinzelelo kunye nemo yokungenisa umoya yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula isiphumo sokungenisa umoya emgodini.
Ingxaki yoxinzelelo kunye nokupompa umoya oxutyiweyo kukuba kufuneka izixhobo zomoya ezingaphezulu, kwaye ukuhamba komoya kwicandelo lomoya akunakulawulwa. Ukuvuza komoya ezantsi kwendawo yokungena yequla kunye nendawo yokudilika kwecala lokukhupha umoya kusekhona, kodwa kuncinci kakhulu.
Xa ukhetha indlela yokungenisa umoya, nokuba umphezulu unendawo yokudilika okanye ezinye iindlela ezinzima ukwahlulahlula imisele yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwimigodi enezinto ezine-radioactive okanye amatye eeminerali anomngcipheko wokutsha okuzenzekelayo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe uhlobo lokumpompa uxinzelelo okanye uhlobo oluxutyiweyo lokumpompa uxinzelelo, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe uhlobo oluxutyiweyo lwesitishi somatshini esinezigaba ezininzi. Kwimigodi engenandawo yokuncamathela komhlaba okanye engenandawo yokuncamathela kodwa enokugcina i-exhaust duct iqinile ngokuzalisa nokutywina, kufuneka kusetyenziswe uhlobo lokumpompa okanye uhlobo lokumpompa ikakhulu ngohlobo lokumpompa. Kwimigodi enenani elikhulu leendawo zokuncamathela komhlaba, kunye nemigodi engahlukaniswanga lula phakathi kwe-exhaust duct kunye ne-goaf, okanye imigodi evulwe ukusuka emoyeni ovulekileyo ukuya kwimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba, kufuneka kusetyenziswe uhlobo oluxutyiweyo oluphambili kunye nokumpompa okanye uhlobo oluxutyiweyo lwesitishi somatshini esinezigaba ezininzi.
Indawo yokufaka i-ventilator ephambili idla ngokuba semhlabeni kwaye inokufakelwa phantsi komhlaba. Inzuzo yokufakela emhlabeni kukuba ukufakela, ukuhlaziya, ukugcinwa kunye nolawulo kulula ngakumbi kwaye akukho lula ukuba yonakaliswe ziintlekele ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ingxaki kukuba ukuvalwa kwentloko yemithombo, isixhobo esibuyela umva kunye nomjelo womoya kuneendleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nokuvuza komoya okufutshane; xa umgodi unzulu kwaye ubuso bokusebenza bukude ne-ventilator ephambili, iindleko zokufakela kunye nokwakha ziphezulu. Inzuzo ye-ventilator ephambili efakwe phantsi komhlaba kukuba isixhobo se-ventilator esiphambili asivuzi kakhulu, ifeni ikufutshane necandelo lomoya, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci endleleni kunokusebenzisa umoya omninzi okanye umsi ngexesha elinye, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukumelana komoya kwaye ivale kancinci. Ingxaki yayo kukuba ukufakela, ukuhlolwa, ulawulo akulunganga, kulula ukonakala ziintlekele ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
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