Ⅱ Ukungenisa umoya kwimigodi
Kumhlaba ophantsi, ngenxa yeimigodiukusebenza kunye ne-mineral oxidation kunye nezinye izizathu, ukubunjwa komoya kuya kutshintsha, ngokukodwa kubonakaliswe njengokunciphisa i-oksijini, ukwanda kweegesi ezinobuthi kunye neziyingozi, ukuxuba uthuli lwamaminerali, ubushushu, ukufuma, utshintsho loxinzelelo, njl njl. Olu tshintsho lubangela umonakalo kunye nefuthe kwimpilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yabasebenzi kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo neqhubekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuthumela umoya omtsha ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya phantsi komhlaba, kwaye ukhuphe umoya ongcolileyo ukusuka ngaphantsi komhlaba ukuya emhlabathini, okuyinjongo yokungenisa umoya wemigodi.
1 Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya emigodini
Ukuze kuthunyelwe umoya ococekileyo owaneleyo ebusweni bemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba ecaleni kwendlela ethile kunye nendlela, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukukhupha umoya ongcolileyo ukusuka emgodini kwindlela ethile kunye nendlela ethile, kuyimfuneko ukufuna umgodi ukuba ube nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya efanelekileyo.
1)Ngokokudityaniswa okudityanisiweyo okanye ngokwengingqi yomgodi wonke
Umgodi wenza inkqubo edityanisiweyo yokuphefumla ebizwa ngokuba yi-uniform ventilation. Umgodi wahlulwe ngokweenkqubo ezininzi ezizimeleyo zokungenisa umoya, kwaye inkqubo nganye inesikhala sayo somoya, i-exhaust shaft kunye namandla okuphuma komoya. Nangona kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kweshaft kunye nendlela, ukuhamba komoya akuphazamisi omnye komnye kwaye kuzimele omnye komnye, okubizwa ngokuba yi-partition ventilation.
Ukungena komoya okudityanisiweyo kuneengenelo zokuphuma okugxininisiweyo, izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezincinci kunye nolawulo olulula oluphakathi. Kwimigodi enomda omncinci wokumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokuphuma okumbalwa komhlaba, ngakumbi imigodi enzulu, kunengqiqo ukwamkela umoya odibeneyo wokungena kwindawo yonke.
I-ventilation yendawo ineenzuzo zendlela yomoya omfutshane, amandla amancinci e-Yin, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, uthungelwano olulula, ukulawula ukuhamba komoya, kunenzuzo ekunciphiseni uchungechunge lomoya ongcolileyo kunye nokusabalalisa umthamo womoya, kwaye unokufumana umphumo ongcono wokungenisa umoya. Ke ngoko, ukungena komoya ngokwahlulahlula kusetyenziswa kakhulu kweminye imigodi enemizimba yentsimbi engekho nzulu okanye esasazekileyo okanye imigodi enemizimba yentsimbi engekho nzulu kunye neMigodi emininzi ngaphezulu.
Indawo yokungena komoya inokwahlulwa ngokomzimba we-ore,imigodiindawo kunye nenqanaba leqonga.
2) Ukwahlula ngokwelungiselelo le-inlet air shaft kunye ne-exhaust air shaft
Isixokelelwano ngasinye sokungenisa umoya kufuneka sibe nobuncinci bokungena umoya othembekileyo kunye nomthombo othembekileyo wokukhupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-cage lifting well isetyenziswa njenge-air shaft, ezinye imigodi zisebenzisa i-shaft ekhethekileyo yomoya. Ngenxa yokuba i-exhaust air flow iqulethe inani elikhulu lerhasi enetyhefu kunye nothuli, i-exhaust Wells iyona nto ikhethekileyo.
Ngokwendawo ehambelanayo ye-inlet air shaft kunye ne-air exhaust kakuhle, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamalungiselelo amathathu ahlukeneyo: i-central, i-diagonal kunye ne-diagonal edibeneyo ephakathi.
① Isimbo esembindini
I-air inlet kakuhle kunye ne-exhaust well ifumaneka kumbindi womzimba we-ore, kwaye indlela yokuhamba yomoya ophantsi komhlaba iguqulwa, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3-7.
inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ephakathi
Uyilo olusembindini luneenzuzo zeendleko ezincinci zeziseko ezingundoqo, ukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza, isakhiwo somhlaba esiphakathi, ulawulo olulula, umsebenzi wobunzulu be-shaft ofanelekileyo, kulula ukufezekisa ukulwa nomoya. Uyilo olusembindini lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimigodi yemizimba ekrwada elaminethiweyo.
② Idiagonal
Kwi-shaft yomoya kwiphiko lomzimba we-ore, i-shaft yokukhupha kwelinye iphiko le-ore body, ebizwa ngokuba yi-single wing diagonal, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3-8 kwishafti yomoya embindini womzimba we-ore, ishafti yomoya yokubuya kumaphiko amabini, ebizwa ngokuba ngamaphiko amabini diagonal, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3-9 xa i-oreshaft ide kakhulu okanye i-oreshaft ide kakhulu. Ubungqingqwa bomzimba wentsimbi ekrwada, kwishafti yomoya, ishafti yokukhupha ejikeleze uyilo lomzimba wentsimbi, ebizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwekhefu lediagonal. Kwi-ventilation ye-diagonal, indlela yokuhamba komoya emigodini ngokuthe ngqo.
I-single-wing ye-diagonal ventilation shaft
Ukucwangciswa kwe-diagonal kuneenzuzo zomgca womoya omfutshane, ukulahleka koxinzelelo lomoya omncinci, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci, uxinzelelo lomoya oluzinzileyo ngexesha lokuvelisa umgodi, ukusabalalisa umthamo womoya ofanayo, kunye nomgama omde ukusuka kwindawo yoshishino. Imodi yokubeka i-diagonal isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimigodi yesinyithi.
③ Uhlobo oluphakathi lwediagonal lokuxuba
Xa i-ore body inde kwaye uluhlu lwemigodi lubanzi, uphuhliso oluphakathi, lunokulungiswa embindini we-ore body, ukusombulula umoya we-ore body mining kwi-exhaust shaft kumaphiko amabini omgodi, ukusombulula i-ventilation ye-remote ore body mining, umzimba we-ore wonke unazo zombini umbindi kunye ne-diagonal edibeneyo, eyenza i-diagonal ephakathi.
Nangona iifom zokucwangciswa kwe-inlet yomoya kakuhle kunye nokukhupha kakuhle kunokushwankathelwa njengezi ntlobo zingasentla, ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zenzeke zomzimba we-ore kunye nokuxhaphazwa okuhlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokumbiwa kwemigodi, kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso, ilungiselelo kufuneka lenziwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yomgodi ngamnye, ngaphandle kwemida yezi ntlobo zingasentla.
3) Ukuhlelwa ngokwendlela yokusebenza yefeni
Iindlela zokusebenza zefeni ziquka uhlobo loxinzelelo, uhlobo lokukhutshwa kunye nohlobo oluxubileyo.
① Uxinzelelo
Uxinzelelo-kwi-ventilation kukwenza yonke inkqubo yokukhupha umoya ukuba yenze imeko yoxinzelelo olulungileyo ngaphezu koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yendawo phantsi kwesenzo somqhubi oyintloko woxinzelelo. Ngenxa yoxinaniso lokuhamba komoya, i-gradient yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicandelo lokungena komoya lunokwenza ukuba umoya omtsha uhambe ngokukhawuleza uthunyelwe ngaphantsi komhlaba kunye nendlela ekhethiweyo yokungena komoya, ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kweminye imisebenzi, kwaye umgangatho womoya ulungile.
Ukungalungi koxinzelelo lwe-ventilation yokungena umoya kukuba izixhobo zokulawula ukuhamba komoya ezifana neengcango zomoya kufuneka zibekwe kwicandelo lokungena emoyeni. Ngenxa yokuthutha rhoqo kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo, akulula ukulawula nokulawula, kwaye emazantsi equla kunokuvuza okukhulu komoya. I-gradient yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwenziwa kwi-ventilator ephambili kwicandelo lokukhupha, kwaye umoya ongcolileyo awukwazi ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza emoyeni ngokwendlela ekhethiweyo, okwenza ukuhamba komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba kuphazamiseke. Yongeza uphazamiseko lomoya wendalo, nkqu umva komoya, ungcoliseko lwento entsha yomoya.
②Udidi lwangaphandle
I-ventilation ekhuphayo kukwenza yonke inkqubo yokukhupha umoya phantsi kwesenzo somqhubi oyintloko ukwenza uxinzelelo olubi oluphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yendawo. Ngenxa yoxinaniso lomoya wokukhupha umoya kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhupha umoya, umoya wokukhupha umoya okhupha umoya ubangela ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwicala lomoya wokukhupha umoya, okwenza umoya ongcolileyo womsebenzi ngamnye ugxininise ngokukhawuleza kumbhobho wokukhupha, kwaye umsi wenkqubo yokukhupha akulula ukuba usasazeke kwezinye iindlela, kwaye isantya sokukhupha umsi sikhawuleza. Olu luncedo olukhulu lokufunxa umoya. Ukongezelela, i-air conditioning kunye nezixhobo zokulawula zifakwe kwi-duct exhaust, musa ukuthintela ukuthuthwa kwabahambi ngeenyawo, ulawulo olufanelekileyo, ulawulo oluthembekileyo.
Ukungalungi kwe-suction ventilation kukuba xa inkqubo yokukhupha i-exhaust ingaqinile, kulula ukubangela isiganeko esifutshane sokufunxa umoya. Ngokukodwa xa indlela yokuwa isetyenziselwa umgodi, indawo ye-subsidence yomhlaba kunye nebhokhwe idibaniswe, le nto inzima kakhulu. Ukongezelela, uxinzelelo lomoya wendawo yokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya yonke iphantsi, kwaye indlela yokungenisa umoya yomoya ichaphazeleka kuxinzelelo lwendalo lomoya, olulula ukubuyisela umva, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba. Inkqubo yokukhupha umoya we-ventilation yenza ukuphakamisa okuphambili kakuhle kwindawo yokungena emoyeni, kunye nemigodi esenyakatho kufuneka iqwalasele ukuphakanyiswa kakuhle ebusika.
Uninzi lwemigodi yesinyithi kunye neminye engeyiyo yamalahle e-China yamkela umoya otsalweyo.
3) Uxinzelelo kunye nokumpompa umxube
I-pressure-pumping ventilation edibeneyo ilawulwa yi-fan ephambili kwicala lokungena kunye necala lokukhupha, ukwenzela ukuba icandelo lokungena kunye necandelo lokukhupha phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lomoya ophezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-gradient, ukuhamba komoya ngokwendlela echongiweyo, ukukhupha umsi kuyakhawuleza, ukuvuza komoya kuncitshisiwe, akukho lula ukuphazanyiswa ngumoya wendalo kwaye kubangele ukubuya komoya. I-advanteji yazo zombini imo yoxinzelelo lokuphefumla kunye nemowudi yokufunxa umoya yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula isiphumo sokungena komoya wasemgodini.
Ukungalungi koxinzelelo kunye nokumpompa umoya oxubileyo kukuba kukho izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezifunekayo, kwaye ukuhamba komoya kwicandelo lomoya akukwazi ukulawulwa. Ukuvuza komoya kumzantsi we-inlet yequla kunye nendawo yokudilika yecala lokukhupha kusekho, kodwa kuncinci kakhulu.
Xa ukhetha imodi yokungenisa umoya, nokuba umphezulu unendawo yokuwa okanye enye imigudu enzima yokuhlukanisa iziteshi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwimigodi equlethe izinto ezine-radioactive okanye amatye eminerali anomngcipheko wokutsha ozenzekelayo, uhlobo lokumpompa uxinzelelo okanye uhlobo oluxubileyo lokumpompa kufuneka lwamkelwe, kunye nenqanaba lomatshini olawulayo uhlobo olulawulekayo kufuneka lwamkelwe. Kumgodi ongenandawo yokuthotywa komphezulu okanye indawo yokuthomalalisa kodwa unokugcina umbhobho wokuphuma uqinile ngokuzaliswa nokutywinwa, uhlobo lotsalo okanye uhlobo lotsalo ikakhulu ngohlobo lokutsalwa kufuneka lwamkelwe. Kwimigodi enenani elikhulu leendawo zokuthotywa komphezulu, kunye nemigodi engenakuhlukaniswa ngokulula phakathi kombhobho wokukhupha kunye nebhokhwe, okanye imigodi evuliwe ukusuka kwindawo evulekileyo ukuya kwimigodi ephantsi komhlaba, uxinzelelo oluphambili kunye nokumpompa uhlobo oluxubeneyo okanye i-multi-stage machine station controlable type kufuneka yamkelwe.
Indawo yofakelo yesixhobo sokungenisa umoya esingundoqo sihlala siphantsi kwaye sinokufakwa phantsi komhlaba. Inzuzo yofakelo kumhlaba kukuba ukufakela, ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokulawula kulula ngakumbi kwaye akulula ukonakalisa iintlekele eziphantsi komhlaba. Ukungalungi kukuba ukuvalwa komthombo, isixhobo sokubuyela umva kunye netonela yomoya ineendleko eziphezulu zokwakha kunye nokuvuza komoya omfutshane; xa umgodi unzulu kwaye ubuso bokusebenza bukude kwi-ventilator ephambili, iindleko zokufakela kunye nokwakhiwa ziphezulu. Inzuzo ye-ventilator ephambili efakwe ngaphantsi komhlaba kukuba isixhobo esiphambili sokungenisa umoya sivuza kancinci, i-fan isondele kwindawo yomoya, ukuvuza komoya okuncinci endleleni kunokusebenzisa umoya omninzi okanye ukukhupha ngexesha elifanayo, elinokunciphisa ukuxhathisa umoya kunye nokutywinwa ngaphantsi. Ukungalungi kwayo kukuba ukufakela, ukuhlolwa, ulawulo alunamsebenzi, kulula ukonakalisa iintlekele eziphantsi komhlaba.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-31-2023
