Ⅱ Mpweya wabwino wa migodi
M'munsimu, chifukwa chamigodintchito ndi mchere makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi zifukwa zina, zikuchokera mpweya adzasintha, makamaka kuwonetseredwa kuchepetsa mpweya, kuwonjezeka kwa poizoni ndi zoipa mpweya, mchere fumbi kusanganikirana, kutentha, chinyezi, kuthamanga kusintha, etc. Kusintha kumeneku kumayambitsa kuvulaza ndi kukhudza thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Pofuna kuonetsetsa thanzi la ogwira ntchito ndi malo oyenerera ogwira ntchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kupangidwa kotetezeka komanso kosalekeza, ndikofunikira kutumiza mpweya wabwino kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi, ndikutulutsa mpweya wonyansa kuchokera pansi pa nthaka mpaka pansi, chomwe chiri cholinga cha mpweya wabwino wa mgodi.
1 Dongosolo la mpweya wabwino
Kuti mutumize mpweya wabwino wokwanira ku nkhope ya migodi ya pansi pa nthaka motsatira njira inayake ndi njira, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti mutulutse mpweya wonyansa kuchokera ku mgodi mu njira inayake ndi njira, m'pofunika kuti mgodi ukhale ndi mpweya wabwino.
1) Malinga ndi gulu logwirizana kapena lachigawo la mgodi wonse
Mgodi umapanga njira yolumikizira mpweya wabwino yotchedwa uniform ventilation. Mgodi umagawidwa m'magulu angapo odziyimira pawokha, ndipo makina aliwonse amakhala ndi malo ake olowera mpweya, shaft yotulutsa mpweya komanso mphamvu ya mpweya wabwino. Ngakhale pali kugwirizana pakati pa shaft ndi msewu, kuyenda kwa mphepo sikusokonezana wina ndi mzake ndipo kumakhala kodziimira payekha, komwe kumatchedwa kugawa mpweya.
Mpweya wogwirizana uli ndi ubwino wa utsi wokhazikika, zida zochepetsera mpweya wabwino komanso kasamalidwe kabwino kapakati. Kwa migodi yomwe ili ndi migodi yaying'ono komanso yotuluka pang'ono, makamaka migodi yakuya, ndizomveka kutengera mpweya wabwino wa mgodi wonsewo.
Kudera mpweya wabwino ali ndi ubwino wa yochepa mpweya msewu, yaing'ono Yin mphamvu, zochepa mpweya kutayikira, otsika mphamvu mowa, yosavuta maukonde, zosavuta kulamulira mpweya otaya, opindulitsa kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa mpweya mndandanda ndi mpweya buku kugawa, ndipo angalandire bwino mpweya wabwino kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wogawanitsa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'migodi ina yokhala ndi matupi osaya komanso amwazikana kapena migodi yokhala ndi matupi ozama komanso zitsime zambiri pamtunda.
Mpweya wabwino wa zone ukhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi thupi la ore,migodidera ndi msinkhu wa siteji.
2) Gulu molingana ndi dongosolo la shaft yolowera mpweya ndi shaft yotulutsa mpweya
Dongosolo lililonse la mpweya wabwino liyenera kukhala ndi chitsime chodalirika cholowera mpweya komanso chitsime chodalirika chotulutsa mpweya. Nthawi zambiri chitsime chokweza khola chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shaft mpweya, migodi ina imagwiritsanso ntchito shaft yapadera ya mpweya. Chifukwa mpweya wotuluka umakhala ndi mpweya wambiri wapoizoni ndi fumbi, ma Wells otulutsa mpweya amakhala apadera.
Malingana ndi malo omwe ali ndi mpweya wolowera mpweya komanso mpweya wotulutsa mpweya bwino, ukhoza kugawidwa m'makonzedwe atatu: pakati, diagonal ndi pakati pa diagonal osakaniza mitundu.
① kalembedwe kapakati
Mpweya wolowera bwino komanso chitsime chotulutsa mpweya uli pakatikati pa thupi la ore, ndipo njira yoyendetsera mphepo yapansi panthaka imasinthidwa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3-7.
chapakati mpweya wabwino dongosolo
Mapangidwe apakati ali ndi ubwino wocheperako mtengo wa zomangamanga, kupanga mofulumira, nyumba yapakati pakatikati, kasamalidwe kosavuta, ntchito yabwino ya shaft, yosavuta kukwaniritsa zotsutsana ndi mphepo. Mapangidwe apakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukumba matupi a laminated ore.
② The diagonal
Mphepete mwa mpweya mu mapiko a thupi la ore, mpweya wotuluka mu phiko lina la thupi la ore, lotchedwa single phiko diagonal, monga momwe tawonetsera mu chithunzi 3-8 mu mpweya wa mpweya pakati pa thupi la ore, mpweya wobwerera m'mapiko awiri, wotchedwa mapiko awiri diagonal, monga momwe tawonetsera mu chithunzi 3-9 pamene chingwe cha ore chimakhala chotalika kwambiri kapena kutalika kwa mpweya. makulidwe a thupi la ore, mu tsinde la mpweya, tsinde la utsi kuzungulira thupi la ore, lotchedwa interval diagonal type. Mu diagonal ventilation, njira yoyendetsera mpweya mu mgodi ndi yolunjika.
Mtsinje umodzi wa mapiko a diagonal mpweya wabwino
Kukonzekera kwa diagonal kuli ndi ubwino wa mzere waufupi wa mpweya, kuchepa kwa mpweya, kuchepa kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wokhazikika panthawi yopanga migodi, kugawa kwa mpweya wofanana, komanso kutali kwambiri ndi malo ogulitsa mafakitale. Mawonekedwe a diagonal amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi yachitsulo.
③ chapakati diagonal kusakaniza mtundu
Pamene thupi la ore ndi lalitali ndi osiyanasiyana migodi ndi lonse, chitukuko chapakati, akhoza anakonza pakati pa thupi ore, kuthetsa mpweya wa chapakati ore thupi migodi mu utsi kutsinde mu mapiko awiri a mgodi, kuthetsa mpweya wabwino wa kutali ore migodi thupi, thupi lonse ore ali onse chapakati ndi diagonal, kupanga chapakati ore osakaniza.
Ngakhale makonzedwe amtundu wa mpweya wolowera bwino komanso kutulutsa bwino amatha kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati mitundu yomwe ili pamwambayi, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika mthupi la ore ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndi njira zamigodi, pamapangidwe ndi kupanga kupanga, dongosololi liyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya mgodi uliwonse, popanda malire amitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa.
3) Gulu molingana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
Njira zogwirira ntchito za fan zimaphatikizira mtundu wa kuthamanga, mtundu wochotsa ndi mtundu wosakanikirana.
① Kupanikizika
Mpweya wodutsa mpweya ndi kupanga mpweya wonse wa mpweya kuti upangitse mpweya wabwino pamwamba pa kupsyinjika kwa mpweya wa m'deralo pansi pa mphamvu ya fani yamphamvu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya, kutsika kwamphamvu mu gawo lolowera mpweya kumatha kupangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino utumizidwe mwachangu pansi pa nthaka motsatira njira yolowera mpweya wabwino, kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi ntchito zina, komanso mpweya wabwino.
Kuipa kwa mpweya wolowetsa mpweya wabwino ndikuti zipangizo zoyendetsera mpweya monga zitseko za mpweya ziyenera kukhala mu gawo lolowera mpweya. Chifukwa cha mayendedwe pafupipafupi komanso oyenda pansi, sikophweka kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera, ndipo pansi pa chitsime chimakhala ndi kutayikira kwakukulu kwa mpweya. Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kumapangidwira mu mpweya wabwino kwambiri mu gawo lotulutsa mpweya, ndipo mpweya wonyansa sungathe kutulutsidwa mofulumira kuchokera mumlengalenga molingana ndi njira yomwe yakhazikitsidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti mpweya wapansi pansi ukhale wosokonezeka. Onjezani kusokoneza kwa mphepo yachilengedwe, ngakhale kusintha kwa mphepo, kuipitsidwa kwa zochitika zatsopano zamphepo.
②Mtundu wakunja
Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umapangitsa kuti mpweya wonsewo ukhale pansi pa ntchito ya fani yaikulu kuti ipange mpweya woipa wocheperapo kusiyana ndi mphamvu ya mumlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kotulutsa mpweya, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, womwe umapangitsa kuti mpweya wonyansa wamtundu uliwonse ugwire ntchito mwachangu, ndipo utsi wautsiwu siwosavuta kufalikira kunjira zina, ndipo kuthamanga kwa utsi kumathamanga. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu wotulutsa mpweya wabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zowongolera mpweya ndi zowongolera zimayikidwa munjira yotulutsa mpweya, musalepheretse mayendedwe oyenda pansi, kasamalidwe koyenera, kuwongolera kodalirika.
The kuipa kuyamwa mpweya wabwino ndi kuti pamene utsi dongosolo si zolimba, n'zosavuta chifukwa yochepa dera mpweya mayamwidwe chodabwitsa. Makamaka pamene njira ya kugwa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mgodi, malo otsika pansi ndi mbuzi amagwirizanitsidwa, chodabwitsa ichi ndi choopsa kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu ya mphepo ya malo ogwirira ntchito ndi njira yonse yolowera mpweya imakhala yochepa, ndipo msewu wa mpweya wolowera mpweya umakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe ya mphepo, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kuisintha, yomwe imayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa mpweya wapansi. Dongosolo la mpweya wotulutsa mpweya limapangitsa kukweza kwakukulu pamalo olowera mpweya, ndipo migodi yakumpoto iyenera kuganizira kukweza bwino m'nyengo yozizira.
Migodi yambiri yachitsulo ndi ina yopanda malasha ku China imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotuluka.
3) Kuthamanga ndi kupopera kusakaniza
Kupopera mpweya wosakaniza kumayang'aniridwa ndi fani yayikulu kumbali yolowera ndi kutulutsa mpweya, kotero kuti gawo lolowera ndi gawo lotulutsa mpweya pansi pa mphamvu ya mphepo yamkuntho ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mphepo molingana ndi njira yomwe mwasankha, kutulutsa utsi kumathamanga, kutulutsa mpweya kumachepetsedwa, osati kosavuta kusokonezedwa ndi mphepo yachilengedwe ndikupangitsa kuti mphepo ibwererenso. Ubwino wa njira zonse ziwiri zopumira mpweya komanso kuyamwa mpweya ndi njira yofunikira yosinthira mpweya wabwino wa mgodi.
Kuipa kwa kukakamiza ndi kupopera mpweya wosakanikirana ndi chakuti pali zipangizo zowonjezera mpweya zomwe zimafunikira, ndipo mpweya wotuluka mu gawo la mphepo sungathe kuyendetsedwa. Kutuluka kwa mpweya pansi pa chitsime cha chitsime ndi kugwa kwa mbali ya utsi kudakalipo, koma ndi kochepa kwambiri.
Posankha njira ya mpweya wabwino, kaya pamwamba ili ndi malo ogwa kapena zovuta zina zopatula njira ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pamigodi yomwe ili ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radioactive kapena miyala yamchere yokhala ndi chiwopsezo cha kuyaka mwadzidzidzi, mtundu wa kupopa mphamvu kapena kupopa kwamphamvu kosakanikirana ndikuyenera kutsatiridwa, ndipo mtundu wowongoleredwa wa masiteshoni a masiteshoni ambiri uyenera kutsatiridwa. Kwa mgodi womwe ulibe malo ocheperapo kapena ocheperako koma ukhoza kutsekereza njira yotulutsa mpweya podzaza ndi kusindikiza, mtundu wa m'zigawo kapena mtundu wochotsa makamaka ndi mtundu wochotsa uyenera kutengedwa. Pakuti migodi ndi ambiri padziko subsidence madera, ndi migodi kuti sali olekanitsidwa mosavuta pakati pa utsi ngalande ndi goaf, kapena migodi anatsegula panja ku migodi mobisa, kuthamanga waukulu ndi kupopa osakaniza mtundu kapena Mipikisano siteji makina siteshoni controllable mtundu ayenera kutengedwa.
Malo oyikapo makina olowera mpweya wamkulu nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi ndipo amathanso kuyikika mobisa. Ubwino wa kukhazikitsa pansi ndikuti kukhazikitsa, kukonzanso, kukonza ndi kasamalidwe ndizosavuta komanso kosavuta kuonongeka ndi masoka apansi panthaka. Zoyipa zake ndikuti kutsekedwa kwachitsime, chipangizo chobwerera kumbuyo ndi ngalande yamphepo zili ndi mtengo womanga wokwera komanso kutayikira kwa mpweya wocheperako; pamene mgodi uli wakuya ndipo nkhope yogwira ntchito ili kutali ndi mpweya wabwino, kuyika ndi kumanga ndi ndalama zambiri. Ubwino wa mpweya wabwino womwe umayikidwa pansi pa nthaka ndi chakuti chipangizo chachikulu chothandizira mpweya chimatuluka pang'ono, chowotcha chimakhala pafupi ndi gawo la mphepo, mpweya wochepa wa mpweya panjira ungagwiritse ntchito mpweya wambiri kapena utsi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kukana kwa mpweya wabwino ndikusindikiza pang'ono. Zoyipa zake ndikuti kukhazikitsa, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira ndizovuta, zosavuta kuonongeka ndi masoka apansi panthaka.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-31-2023
