Ⅱ Mpweya wolowera m'migodi
Mu nthaka ya pansi pa nthaka, chifukwa chamigodiKugwira ntchito ndi kusungunuka kwa mchere ndi zifukwa zina, kapangidwe ka mpweya kamasintha, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya, kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya woipa komanso woopsa, kusakaniza fumbi la mchere, kutentha, chinyezi, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zina zotero. Kusinthaku kumabweretsa mavuto ndi kukhudza thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso mikhalidwe yoyenera yogwirira ntchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino komanso mosalekeza, ndikofunikira kutumiza mpweya wabwino kuchokera pansi kupita pansi, ndikutulutsa mpweya wonyansa kuchokera pansi kupita pansi, womwe ndi cholinga cha mpweya wabwino m'migodi.
1 Makina opumira mpweya m'migodi
Kuti mpweya wabwino wokwanira utumizidwe ku malo osungiramo zinthu pansi pa nthaka motsatira njira inayake, komanso nthawi yomweyo kutulutsa mpweya wonyansa kuchokera mu mgodiwo m'njira inayake, ndikofunikira kuti mgodiwo ukhale ndi njira yopumira yoyenera.
1) Malinga ndi gulu logwirizana kapena lachigawo la mgodi wonse
Mgodi umapanga njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana yotchedwa uniform ventilation. Mgodi umagawidwa m'magawo angapo odziyimira pawokha, ndipo njira iliyonse ili ndi malo ake olowera mpweya, shaft yotulutsa mpweya, ndi mphamvu yake yolumikizirana. Ngakhale pali kulumikizana pakati pa shaft ndi msewu, kayendedwe ka mphepo sikasokonezana ndipo kamadziyimira pawokha, komwe kumatchedwa partition ventilation.
Mpweya wogwirizana uli ndi ubwino wa utsi wochuluka, zida zochepa zopumira mpweya komanso kasamalidwe koyenera pakati. Kwa migodi yokhala ndi malo ochepa ofukula migodi komanso malo ochepa otulukira pamwamba, makamaka migodi yakuya, ndikwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wogwirizana wa mgodi wonse.
Mpweya wolowera m'malo uli ndi ubwino wa msewu waufupi wa mpweya, mphamvu yaying'ono ya Yin, mpweya wochepa wotuluka, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, netiweki yosavuta, yosavuta kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya, yothandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, ndipo imatha kulandira mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wolowera m'malo ogawikana umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'migodi ina yokhala ndi miyala yosaya komanso yobalalika kapena migodi yokhala ndi miyala yosaya komanso zitsime zambiri pamwamba.
Mpweya wolowera m'dera ungagawidwe malinga ndi thupi la miyala,migodidera ndi gawo la siteji.
2) Kugawa malinga ndi dongosolo la shaft ya mpweya wolowera ndi shaft ya mpweya wotuluka
Dongosolo lililonse lopumira mpweya liyenera kukhala ndi chitsime chodalirika cholowera mpweya komanso chitsime chodalirika chotulutsira mpweya. Nthawi zambiri chitsime chonyamulira mpweya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shaft ya mpweya, migodi ina imagwiritsanso ntchito shaft yapadera ya mpweya. Chifukwa mpweya wotuluka umakhala ndi mpweya ndi fumbi lapoizoni wambiri, Zitsime zotulutsira mpweya nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapadera.
Malinga ndi malo omwe mpweya wolowera uli komanso malo otulutsira mpweya, ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu osiyana: pakati, pakati ndi pakati.
① Kalembedwe kapakati
Chitsime cholowera mpweya ndi chitsime chotulutsira mpweya zili pakati pa chitsulo chamtengo wapatali, ndipo njira yoyendera mphepo pansi pa nthaka imasinthidwa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3-7.
dongosolo lopumira mpweya lapakati
Kapangidwe ka pakati kali ndi ubwino wochepa mtengo wa zomangamanga, kupanga mwachangu, kumanga pansi pakati, kusamalira mosavuta, ntchito yosavuta yozama shaft, komanso yosavuta kuchita polimbana ndi mphepo. Kapangidwe ka pakati kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukumba miyala yamtengo wapatali.
② Chopingasa
Mu shaft ya mpweya m'phiko la thupi la miyala, shaft yotulutsa mpweya m'phiko lina la thupi la miyala, yotchedwa single wing diagonal, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi 3-8 mu shaft ya mpweya pakati pa thupi la miyala, shaft yobwerera mpweya m'mapiko awiri, yotchedwa mapiko awiri ozungulira, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi 3-9 pamene thupi la miyala ndi lalitali kwambiri, mu shaft ya mpweya ndi shaft yotulutsa mpweya motsatira kapangidwe ka interval kapena makulidwe a thupi la miyala, mu shaft ya mpweya, shaft yotulutsa mpweya mozungulira kapangidwe ka thupi la miyala, yotchedwa interval diagonal type. Mu mpweya wozungulira, njira yoyendera mpweya mu mgodi ndi yolunjika.
Shaft yopumira mpweya yokhala ndi mapiko amodzi
Kapangidwe ka diagonal kali ndi ubwino wa mpweya waufupi, kutayika pang'ono kwa mpweya, kutayikira kochepa kwa mpweya, kupanikizika kwa mpweya kokhazikika panthawi yopanga mgodi, kufalikira kwa mpweya wofanana, komanso mtunda wautali kuchokera pamwamba pa malo opangira mafakitale. Kapangidwe ka diagonal nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi yachitsulo.
③ Mtundu wosakaniza wapakati wopingasa
Pamene thupi la miyala yamtengo wapatali lili lalitali ndipo malo osungiramo miyala ali otakata, chitukuko chapakati, chingakonzedwe pakati pa thupi la miyala yamtengo wapatali, kuti athetse mpweya wotuluka m'migodi ya miyala yamtengo wapatali m'mapiko awiri a mgodi, athetse mpweya wotuluka m'migodi ya miyala yamtengo wapatali, thupi lonse la miyala yamtengo wapatali lili ndi pakati komanso mopingasa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakati pa miyala yamtengo wapatali pakhale mopingasa.
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ya makonzedwe a chitsime cholowera mpweya ndi chitsime chotulutsa mpweya ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la miyala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ndi migodi, popanga ndi kupanga, makonzedwewo ayenera kupangidwa malinga ndi momwe mgodi uliwonse umagwirira ntchito, popanda zoletsa za mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa.
3) Kugawa malinga ndi momwe fan imagwirira ntchito
Njira zogwirira ntchito za fan zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa kupanikizika, mtundu wochotsera ndi mtundu wosakanikirana.
① Kupanikizika
Mpweya wopumira mkati mwa mpweya umapangitsa kuti mpweya wonse ukhale ndi mphamvu yabwino pamwamba pa mpweya wopumira m'deralo motsogozedwa ndi fan yayikulu yopumira. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira, mphamvu yopumira kwambiri m'gawo lolowera mpweya ingapangitse mpweya wabwino kutumizidwa mwachangu pansi pa nthaka kudzera munjira yopumira yomwe yasankhidwa, kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa ndi ntchito zina, ndipo mpweya wabwino ndi wabwino.
Vuto la mpweya wolowera mpweya wopanikizika ndilakuti zipangizo zowongolera mpweya monga zitseko za mpweya ziyenera kukhala mu gawo lolowera mpweya. Chifukwa cha mayendedwe obwerezabwereza komanso oyenda pansi, sikophweka kulamulira ndikuwongolera, ndipo pansi pa chitsime pali kutuluka kwa mpweya kwakukulu. Kuthamanga kochepa kumapangidwa mu ventilator yayikulu mu gawo lotulutsa utsi, ndipo mpweya wonyansa sungatuluke mwachangu kuchokera mu chitsime cha mpweya motsatira njira yosankhidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wa pansi pa nthaka usayende bwino. Onjezerani kusokonezedwa kwa mphepo yachilengedwe, ngakhale mphepo ikubwerera m'mbuyo, kuipitsa mpweya watsopano.
② Mtundu wotuluka
Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umapangitsa kuti mpweya wonse wopuma mpweya pansi pa mphamvu ya fan yayikulu ukhale wochepa kuposa mpweya wotuluka m'mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umayambitsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya wotuluka mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wonyansa wa pamalo aliwonse ogwirira ntchito ukhale wolumikizana mwachangu ndi mpweya wotuluka mpweya, ndipo utsi wa mpweya wotuluka mpweya sungathe kufalikira mosavuta kumisewu ina, ndipo liwiro la mpweya wotuluka mpweya ndi lachangu. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu wa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, zoziziritsira mpweya ndi zowongolera mpweya zimayikidwa mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, sizilepheretsa mayendedwe oyenda pansi, kuyang'anira kosavuta, komanso kuwongolera kodalirika.
Vuto la mpweya wopopera mpweya wopopera mpweya ndilakuti ngati makina otulutsa mpweya sali olimba, zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa vuto la mpweya wochepa. Makamaka ngati njira yopumira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba, malo otsetsereka pamwamba ndi goaf zikugwirizana, vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya mphepo ya pamwamba pa ntchito ndi makina onse olowera mpweya ndi otsika, ndipo msewu wa mpweya wolowera mpweya umakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe ya mphepo, yomwe ndi yosavuta kubweza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wapansi panthaka usamayende bwino. Njira yotulutsira mpweya imapangitsa kuti kukweza kwakukulu kukhale bwino pamalo olowera mpweya, ndipo migodi yakumpoto iyenera kuganizira za chitsime chokweza mpweya nthawi yozizira.
Migodi yambiri yachitsulo ndi ina yopanda malasha ku China imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochepa.
3) Kupanikiza ndi kusakaniza kopopera
Mpweya wosakanikirana wopopera mphamvu umayendetsedwa ndi fan yayikulu yomwe ili m'mbali mwa cholowera ndi mbali ya chotulutsira mpweya, kotero kuti gawo lolowera ndi gawo lotulutsa mpweya pansi pa mphamvu ya mphepo ndi kukwera kwa mphamvu, kuyenda kwa mphepo motsatira njira yosankhidwa, utsi wotuluka umakhala wachangu, mpweya wotuluka umachepa, sizingasokonezedwe mosavuta ndi mphepo yachilengedwe ndikupangitsa mphepo kubwerera m'mbuyo. Ubwino wa njira yopumira mphamvu ndi njira yopumira mpweya ndi njira yopumira mpweya ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowongolera mphamvu ya mpweya wotuluka m'migodi.
Vuto la kuthamanga kwa mpweya wosakanikirana ndi kupopa mpweya wosakanikirana ndilakuti pakufunika zida zambiri zopumira mpweya, ndipo kuyenda kwa mpweya m'gawo la mphepo sikungathe kulamulidwa. Kutuluka kwa mpweya pansi pa malo olowera m'chitsime ndi malo ogumuka a mbali yotulutsira utsi kulipobe, koma ndi kochepa kwambiri.
Posankha njira yopumira mpweya, kaya pamwamba pake pali malo ogumuka kapena njira zina zovuta kuzipatula ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Pa migodi yokhala ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation kapena miyala yamchere yomwe ili ndi chiopsezo choyaka mwadzidzidzi, mtundu wopopera mphamvu kapena mtundu wosakanikirana wopopera mphamvu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mtundu wowongolera wa malo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito makina uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa mgodi womwe uli ndi malo ochepera pamwamba kapena malo ochepera pansi koma ukhoza kusunga payipi yotulutsa mpweya molimba mwa kudzaza ndi kutseka, mtundu wochotsera mpweya kapena mtundu wochotsera mpweya uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi mtundu wochotsera mpweya. Pa migodi yomwe ili ndi malo ambiri ochepera pamwamba, ndi migodi yomwe siili yosiyana pakati pa payipi yotulutsa mpweya ndi goaf, kapena migodi yomwe imatsegulidwa kuchokera panja kupita ku migodi yapansi panthaka, mtundu waukulu wopopera mphamvu ndi kupopera mphamvu kapena mtundu wosakanikirana wa malo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito makina uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malo oyikapo ventilator yayikulu nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi ndipo amathanso kuyikidwa pansi pa nthaka. Ubwino woyikapo pansi ndikuti kukhazikitsa, kukonzanso, kukonza ndi kuyang'anira ndizosavuta komanso sikophweka kuwonongeka ndi masoka apansi pa nthaka. Choyipa chake ndichakuti kutsekedwa kwa chitsime, chipangizo chobwerera m'mbuyo ndi ngalande ya mphepo zimakhala ndi mtengo wokwera womanga komanso kutayikira kwa mpweya waufupi; pamene mgodi uli wozama ndipo nkhope yogwirira ntchito ili kutali ndi ventilator yayikulu, ndalama zoyika ndi zomangamanga zimakhala zambiri. Ubwino wa ventilator yayikulu yoyikidwa pansi pa nthaka ndikuti chipangizo chachikulu choyeretsera mpweya sichimatayikira kwambiri, fan ili pafupi ndi gawo la mphepo, kutayikira kwa mpweya pang'ono panjira kungagwiritse ntchito mpweya wambiri kapena utsi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingachepetse kukana kwa mpweya ndikutseka pang'ono. Choyipa chake ndichakuti kukhazikitsa, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira ndikovuta, kosavuta kuwonongeka ndi masoka apansi pa nthaka.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-31-2023
