Ⅱ Iskar ma'adinai
A cikin ƙasa, sabodahakar ma'adinaiAiki da iskar shaka ta ma'adanai da sauran dalilai, yanayin iskar zai canza, galibi yana bayyana a matsayin rage iskar oxygen, karuwar iskar gas mai guba da cutarwa, hadakar ƙurar ma'adinai, zafin jiki, danshi, canjin matsin lamba, da sauransu. Waɗannan canje-canjen suna haifar da lahani da tasiri ga lafiya da amincin ma'aikata. Domin tabbatar da lafiyar ma'aikata da yanayin aiki mai dacewa, da kuma tabbatar da samar da kayayyaki cikin aminci da ci gaba, ya zama dole a aika da iska mai kyau daga ƙasa zuwa ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da kuma fitar da iskar datti daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, wanda shine manufar iskar ma'adinai.
1 Tsarin iskar ma'adinai
Domin a aika isasshen iska mai kyau zuwa ga mahakar ƙasa ta hanyar wani takamaiman alkibla da hanya, kuma a lokaci guda don fitar da iskar datti daga mahakar a wani takamaiman alkibla da hanya, ya zama dole a buƙaci mahakar ta sami tsarin samun iska mai dacewa.
1) Dangane da rarrabuwar dukkan ma'adinan da aka haɗa ko na yanki
Ma'adinan yana ƙunshe da tsarin iska mai haɗaka da ake kira iska mai kama da juna. Ma'adinan yana raba zuwa tsarin iska mai zaman kanta da dama, kuma kowane tsarin yana da nasa hanyar shiga iska, sharar hayaki da kuma ƙarfin iska. Duk da cewa akwai alaƙa tsakanin shaft da hanya, iskar da ke kwarara ba ta tsoma baki da juna kuma ba ta da alaƙa da juna, wanda ake kira iska mai rabawa.
Haɗin iska mai haɗaka yana da fa'idodin shaƙar hayaki mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin kayan aikin iska da kuma ingantaccen tsarin gudanarwa. Ga ma'adanai masu ƙananan hanyoyin haƙar ma'adinai da ƙananan hanyoyin fita daga saman ƙasa, musamman ma'adanai masu zurfi, ya dace a ɗauki hanyar samun iska mai haɗin kai ta dukkan ma'adinan.
Iskar iska a yankin tana da fa'idodin hanyar iska ta gajeren hanya, ƙaramin ƙarfin Yin, ƙarancin zubar iska, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, hanyar sadarwa mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin sarrafa kwararar iska, mai amfani don rage gurɓataccen jerin iska da rarrabawar yawan iska, kuma yana iya samun ingantaccen tasirin iska. Saboda haka, ana amfani da iskar shaƙatawa sosai a wasu ma'adanai masu ƙarancin ma'adanai ko ma'adanai masu ƙarancin ma'adanai da ƙarin Rijiyoyi a saman.
Ana iya raba iskar da ke shiga yankin bisa ga jikin ma'adinai,hakar ma'adinaiyanki da matakin mataki.
2) Rarrabawa bisa ga tsarin shaft ɗin iska mai shigowa da shaft ɗin iska mai fitar da hayaki
Kowace tsarin iska ya kamata ta kasance tana da aƙalla rijiyar iska mai inganci da kuma rijiyar shaye-shaye mai inganci. Yawanci ana amfani da rijiyar ɗaga keji a matsayin shaft na iska, wasu ma'adanai kuma suna amfani da shaft na musamman na iska. Saboda iskar shaye-shaye tana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na iskar gas da ƙura, Rijiyoyin shaye-shaye gabaɗaya suna da na musamman.
Dangane da matsayin da shaft ɗin iskar shiga da kuma rijiyar iskar shaƙa ke ciki, ana iya raba shi zuwa tsari uku daban-daban: siffofi masu gauraya na tsakiya, diagonal da kuma na tsakiya.
① Salon Tsakiya
Rijiyar shigar iska da kuma rijiyar fitar da hayaki suna tsakiyar jikin ma'adinan, kuma hanyar kwararar iska a cikin karkashin kasa ta juye, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3-7.
tsarin samun iska na tsakiya
Tsarin tsakiya yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin kuɗin kayayyakin more rayuwa, samar da kayayyaki cikin sauri, gina ƙasa ta tsakiya, sauƙin sarrafawa, aikin zurfin shaft mai sauƙi, da sauƙin cimmawa daga iska. Tsarin tsakiya galibi ana amfani da shi don haƙo ma'adanai masu laminated.
② Diagonal
A cikin shaft ɗin iska a cikin fikafikan jikin ma'adinai, shaft ɗin shaye-shaye a ɗayan fikafikan jikin ma'adinai, wanda ake kira diagonal na reshe ɗaya, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3-8 a cikin shaft ɗin iska a tsakiyar jikin ma'adinai, shaft ɗin iska mai dawowa a cikin fikafikai biyu, wanda ake kira diagonal na fikafikai biyu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3-9 lokacin da jikin ma'adinai yake da tsayi sosai, zuwa shaft ɗin iska da shaft ɗin shaye-shaye tare da tsarin tazara ko kauri na jikin ma'adinai, zuwa shaft ɗin iska, shaft ɗin shaye-shaye a kusa da tsarin jikin ma'adinai, wanda ake kira nau'in diagonal na tazara. A cikin iska mai diagonal, hanyar kwararar iska a cikin ma'adinan kai tsaye ce.
Shaft ɗin samun iska mai kusurwa ɗaya mai kusurwa ɗaya
Tsarin diagonal yana da fa'idodin layin iska mai gajeren zango, ƙarancin asarar matsin iska, ƙarancin zubar iska, daidaiton matsin iska yayin samar da ma'adinai, rarrabawar iska iri ɗaya, da kuma nisa daga saman wurin masana'antu. Ana amfani da yanayin shimfida diagonal gabaɗaya a ma'adinan ƙarfe.
③ Nau'in haɗawar kusurwa ta tsakiya
Idan jikin ma'adinan ya yi tsayi kuma faɗin wurin hakar ma'adinai, za a iya shirya ci gaban tsakiya a tsakiyar jikin ma'adinan, don magance iskar haƙar ma'adinan tsakiya a cikin shara a cikin fikafikai biyu na ma'adinan, don magance iskar haƙar ma'adinan nesa, dukkan jikin ma'adinan yana da tsakiya da kuma diagonal, wanda ke samar da tsakiya mai siffar diagonal gauraye.
Duk da cewa za a iya taƙaita nau'ikan tsarin rijiyar iska da rijiyar shaye-shaye a matsayin nau'ikan da ke sama, saboda yanayin da ke tattare da ma'adinan da kuma hanyoyin amfani da su daban-daban, a cikin tsarin ƙira da samarwa, ya kamata a yi tsarin bisa ga takamaiman yanayin kowace ma'adinai, ba tare da iyakance nau'ikan da ke sama ba.
3) Rarraba bisa ga yanayin aiki na fan
Yanayin aiki na fanka sun haɗa da nau'in matsi, nau'in cirewa da nau'in gauraye.
① Matsi
Iska mai matsi a cikin iska ita ce ta samar da dukkan tsarin iska don samar da yanayin matsin lamba mai kyau sama da matsin yanayin yanayi na gida a ƙarƙashin aikin babban fankar matsi. Saboda yawan kwararar iska, matsin lamba mai yawa a cikin sashin shigar iska na iya sa iska mai kyau ta shiga cikin ƙasa cikin sauri tare da hanyar da aka tsara ta hanyar iska, don guje wa gurɓatawa ta wasu ayyuka, kuma ingancin iska yana da kyau.
Rashin kyawun hanyar samun iska mai shiga matsi shine cewa akwai buƙatar a sanya wuraren sarrafa kwararar iska kamar ƙofofin iska a sashin shigar iska. Saboda yawan zirga-zirga da masu tafiya a ƙasa, ba abu ne mai sauƙi a sarrafa shi da kuma sarrafa shi ba, kuma ƙasan rijiyar tana da babban ɓullar iska. Ana samun ƙarancin matsin lamba a cikin babban na'urar numfashi a ɓangaren fitar da hayaki, kuma iskar datti ba za a iya fitar da ita da sauri daga rijiyar iska bisa ga hanyar da aka tsara ba, wanda hakan ke sa kwararar iska ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta lalace. Ƙara tsangwama ga iska ta halitta, har ma da iskar da ke juyawa, da kuma gurɓatar sabuwar iska.
②Nau'in fita
Iskar da ke fitar da iska ita ce ta sa dukkan tsarin iska a ƙarƙashin ikon babban fanka ya samar da matsin lamba mara kyau fiye da matsin yanayin yanayi na gida. Saboda yawan iskar da ke fitarwa da kuma yawan fitar da iskar, iskar da ke fitar da iskar tana haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa a gefen iskar da ke fitar da iskar, wanda hakan ke sa iskar datti ta kowane wuri mai aiki ta taru cikin sauri zuwa bututun fitar da iskar, kuma hayakin tsarin fitar da hayakin ba shi da sauƙin yaɗuwa zuwa wasu hanyoyi, kuma saurin fitar da hayakin yana da sauri. Wannan babban fa'ida ne na fitar da iska. Bugu da ƙari, an sanya na'urar sanyaya daki da wuraren sarrafawa a cikin bututun fitar da iskar, ba sa hana jigilar masu tafiya a ƙasa, sarrafawa mai sauƙi, da kuma ingantaccen sarrafawa.
Rashin kyawun hanyar samun iska ta tsotsa shine lokacin da tsarin shaye-shaye bai yi tsauri ba, yana da sauƙi a haifar da yanayin shaye-shayen iska na gajeren zango. Musamman idan aka yi amfani da hanyar rugujewa don haƙa ma'adinai, yankin da ke nutsewa a saman da kuma goaf ɗin sun haɗu, wannan lamari ya fi tsanani. Bugu da ƙari, matsin iska na saman aiki da tsarin shigar iska gaba ɗaya yana da ƙasa, kuma hanyar shigar iska ta shafi matsin iska ta halitta, wanda ke da sauƙin juyawa, wanda ke haifar da matsalar kwararar iska a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Tsarin iska mai cirewa yana sa babban ɗagawa ya yi kyau a wurin shigar iska, kuma ma'adinan arewa ya kamata su yi la'akari da ɗagawa sosai a lokacin hunturu.
Yawancin ma'adinan ƙarfe da sauran ma'adanai marasa amfani da kwal a China suna amfani da iska mai ƙarfi.
3) Haɗin matsi da famfo
Babban fanka a gefen shiga da kuma gefen shaye-shaye yana sarrafa iska mai hade da matsi, ta yadda sashin shiga da kuma sashin shaye-shaye a ƙarƙashin tasirin iska mai ƙarfi da kuma saurin matsin lamba, kwararar iska bisa ga hanyar da aka tsara, fitar hayaki yana da sauri, kwararar iska tana raguwa, ba ta da sauƙin dame ta da iska ta halitta kuma tana haifar da juyawar iska. Fa'idar yanayin iska mai matsin lamba da yanayin shaye-shaye hanya ce mai mahimmanci don inganta tasirin iska mai ma'adinai.
Rashin kyawun matsi da kuma famfo iska mai hadewa shine cewa akwai ƙarin kayan aikin iska da ake buƙata, kuma ba za a iya sarrafa kwararar iska a ɓangaren iska ba. Zubar da iska a ƙasan mashigar rijiyar da kuma yankin rugujewar ɓangaren shaye-shaye har yanzu yana nan, amma ya fi ƙanƙanta.
Lokacin zabar yanayin iska, ko saman yana da yankin rugujewa ko wasu hanyoyin da ke da wahalar ware su muhimmin abu ne. Ga ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da abubuwan rediyoaktif ko duwatsun ma'adinai masu haɗarin konewa kwatsam, ya kamata a ɗauki nau'in famfon matsi ko nau'in famfon matsi iri ɗaya, kuma a ɗauki nau'in da za a iya sarrafa tashar injina mai matakai da yawa. Ga ma'adinan da ba shi da yankin rugujewa ko babu yankin rugujewa amma zai iya riƙe bututun shaye-shaye ta hanyar cikawa da rufewa, ya kamata a ɗauki nau'in fitar da ko nau'in cirewa galibi ta nau'in cirewa. Ga ma'adinan da ke da adadi mai yawa na wuraren rugujewa a saman, da ma'adinan da ba a ware su cikin sauƙi tsakanin bututun shaye-shaye da goaf, ko ma'adinan da aka buɗe daga sararin samaniya zuwa ma'adinan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ya kamata a ɗauki nau'in da za a iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar matsi da famfon matsi iri ɗaya ko kuma ta hanyar ma'adinan matakai da yawa.
Wurin shigar da babban injin na'urar numfashi galibi yana ƙasa kuma ana iya shigar da shi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Fa'idar shigar da shi a ƙasa ita ce shigarwa, gyarawa, kulawa da sarrafawa sun fi dacewa kuma ba su da sauƙin lalacewa sakamakon bala'o'in ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Rashin kyawunsa shine rufe kan rijiyar, na'urar juyawa da ramin iska suna da tsadar gini da kuma ɗigon iska na ɗan gajeren lokaci; lokacin da ma'adinan ya yi zurfi kuma fuskar aiki tana da nisa da babban injin na'urar numfashi, farashin shigarwa da gini suna da yawa. Fa'idar babban injin na'urar numfashi da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ita ce babban na'urar na'urar numfashi yana raguwa, fanka yana kusa da sashin iska, ƙarancin ɗigon iska a hanya na iya amfani da iska ko hayaki a lokaci guda, wanda zai iya rage juriyar iska da kuma rufewa kaɗan. Rashin kyawunsa shine shigarwa, dubawa, gudanarwa ba shi da sauƙi, yana da sauƙin lalacewa sakamakon bala'o'in ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-31-2023
