Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungenye yezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ezibhekene nomphakathi wethu wanamuhla. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela ohlala njalo futhi obhubhisayo emaphethini ethu okusetshenziswa kanye nokukhiqiza, kodwa ezifundeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuhluke kakhulu. Nakuba umnikelo womlando wamazwe angakathuthuki ngokwezomnotho ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni ungelutho, la mazwe asevele ethwele izindleko eziphezulu zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okusobala ukuthi azilingani. Izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu zinemiphumela emibi kakhulu, njengesomiso esibi, isimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu, izikhukhula ezibhubhisayo, inani elikhulu lababaleki, izinsongo ezinkulu ekuphepheni kokudla emhlabeni kanye nemiphumela engenakulungiseka emithonjeni yomhlaba kanye namanzi. Izehlakalo zesimo sezulu ezingavamile njenge-El Nino zizoqhubeka zenzeka futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu,imboni yezimayinifuthi ibhekene nezici eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngobaukumbiwa kwezimayinikanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza zemiklamo eminingi yokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zibhekene nengozi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, futhi zizoba sengozini enkulu ngaphansi komthelela oqhubekayo wezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi. Isibonelo, izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zingathinta ukuzinza kwamadamu emisele yezimayini futhi zibhebhethekise ukwenzeka kwezingozi zokuphuka kwamadamu emisele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kanye nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo nakho kuholela enkingeni enkulu yokuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yamanzi akuyona nje indlela ebalulekile yokukhiqiza emisebenzini yezimayini, kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokuphila ebalulekile kubantu bendawo ezindaweni zezimayini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezindawo ezicebile ngethusi, igolide, insimbi, kanye ne-zinc (30-50%) ayinamanzi anele, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yezindawo zezimayini zegolide nethusi emhlabeni zingabona ngisho nengozi yazo yamanzi yesikhashana iphindwe kabili ngo-2030, ngokusho kwe-S & P Global Assessment. Ingozi yamanzi inzima kakhulu eMexico. EMexico, lapho amaphrojekthi ezimayini encintisana nemiphakathi yendawo ngemithombo yamanzi kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwezimayini ziphezulu, ukungezwani okukhulu kobudlelwano bomphakathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emisebenzini yezimayini.
Ukuze kubhekane nezici ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi, imboni yezimayini idinga imodeli yokukhiqizwa kwezimayini eqhubekayo. Lokhu akulona nje isu lokugwema ingozi elizuzisa amabhizinisi ezimayini nakubatshalizimali, kodwa futhi nokuziphatha okunomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhizinisi ezimayini kufanele andise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwawo ezixazululweni zobuchwepheshe eziqhubekayo, njengokunciphisa izici eziyingozi ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi, kanye nokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini yezimayini.imboni yezimayinikulindeleke ukuthi ikhulise kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo ezixazululweni zobuchwepheshe zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezimoto zikagesi, ubuchwepheshe bamaphaneli elanga kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri.
Imboni yezimayini idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kubhekane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Eqinisweni, umhlaba usenqubweni yokushintshela emphakathini onekhabhoni ephansi esikhathini esizayo, odinga inani elikhulu lemithombo yamaminerali. Ukuze kufezwe imigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ebekwe yiSivumelwano saseParis, amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha igesi ephansi, njengama-wind turbine, imishini yokukhiqiza amandla elanga, izindawo zokugcina amandla kanye nezimoto zikagesi, kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngokusho kweBhange Lomhlaba, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwalawa buchwepheshe obunekhabhoni ephansi kuzodinga amathani angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezintathu zemithombo yamaminerali kanye nemithombo yensimbi ngo-2020. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zemithombo yamaminerali ezaziwa ngokuthi “imithombo ebalulekile”, njenge-graphite, i-lithium kanye ne-cobalt, zingase zandise umkhiqizo womhlaba cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ngo-2050, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semithombo esikhulayo sobuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle embonini yezimayini, ngoba uma imboni yezimayini ingasebenzisa indlela yokukhiqiza yezimayini eqhubekayo engenhla ngesikhathi esifanayo, khona-ke imboni izoba negalelo elibalulekile ekufezeni umgomo wokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke wesikhathi esizayo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo eluhlaza.
Amazwe asathuthuka akhiqize inani elikhulu lemithombo yamaminerali edingekayo ekuguqulweni kwe-carbon ephansi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokomlando, amazwe amaningi akhiqiza imithombo yamaminerali abelokhu ehlushwa yisiqalekiso semithombo, ngoba la mazwe athembele kakhulu emalini yamalungelo okumba, intela yemithombo yamaminerali kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yamaminerali engavuthiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte indlela yentuthuko yezwe. Ikusasa elichumayo nelizinzile elidingwa umphakathi wesintu lidinga ukuphula isiqalekiso semithombo yamaminerali. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho amazwe asathuthuka angalungela kangcono ukuzivumelanisa nokusabela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Imephu yokufinyelela lo mgomo iwukuba amazwe asathuthuka anemithombo eminingi yemithombo yamaminerali asheshise izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuthuthukisa amandla endawo nawesifunda ochungechungeni lwenani. Lokhu kubalulekile ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, intuthuko yezimboni idala ingcebo futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ukwesekwa okwanele kwezezimali kokuzivumelanisa nokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emazweni asathuthuka. Okwesibili, ukugwema umthelela woguquko lwamandla omhlaba wonke, umhlaba ngeke uxazulule ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokumane ufake olunye ubuchwepheshe bamandla obunye. Njengamanje, uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngogesi emhlabeni wonke luhlala luwumthombo omkhulu wegesi oshisayo, uma kubhekwa ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamandla kaphethiloli yimboni yezokuthutha yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe bamandla okushisa aluhlaza obukhishwe futhi bukhiqizwe yimboni yezimayini kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi okushisa ngokuletha isisekelo sokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okushisa aluhlaza eduze kwemayini. Okwesithathu, amazwe asathuthuka azokwazi ukwamukela izixazululo zamandla okushisa aluhlaza kuphela uma izindleko zokukhiqiza zamandla okushisa aluhlaza zincishisiwe ukuze abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo obuluhlaza ngentengo engabizi. Emazweni nasezifundeni lapho izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi khona, izinhlelo zokukhiqiza zasendaweni ezinobuchwepheshe bamandla okushisa aluhlaza zingaba inketho okufanele icatshangelwe.
Njengoba kugcizelelwe kulesi sihloko, emikhakheni eminingi, imboni yezimayini kanye noshintsho lwesimo sezulu kuxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Imboni yezimayini idlala indima ebalulekile. Uma sifuna ukugwema okubi kakhulu, kufanele senze ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngisho noma izintshisekelo, amathuba kanye nezinto eziza kuqala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zingagculisi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokungafaneleki nhlobo, abenzi bezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kanye nabaholi bamabhizinisi abanakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa izenzo nokuzama ukuthola izixazululo ezisebenzayo ezamukelekayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kodwa okwamanje, ijubane lentuthuko lihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi asinaso isifiso esiqinile sokufeza lo mgomo. Njengamanje, ukwakheka kwesu kwezinhlelo eziningi zokuphendula isimo sezulu kuqhutshwa ohulumeni bamazwe futhi sekuyinto yezwe yezepolitiki. Ngokuphathelene nokufeza izinhloso zokuphendula isimo sezulu, kunomehluko osobala ezithakazelweni nasezidingweni zamazwe ahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, indlela yohlaka lokuphendula isimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi imithetho yokuphathwa kwezohwebo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ibonakala iphikisana kakhulu nezinhloso zokuphendula isimo sezulu.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-16-2023
