Utshintsho lwemozulu lolunye lwezona ngozi zibalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela ezijongene noluntu lwethu lwanamhlanje. Utshintsho lwemozulu lunempembelelo ehlala ihleli netshabalalisayo kwiindlela zethu zokusebenzisa kunye nemveliso, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, utshintsho lwemozulu lwahluke kakhulu. Nangona igalelo lembali lamazwe angaphuhlanga kakuhle kwezoqoqosho ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela lingabalulekanga kangako, la mazwe sele ethwele iindleko eziphezulu zotshintsho lwemozulu, nto leyo ngokucacileyo engalinganiyo. Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo zinempembelelo enkulu, njengembalela enkulu, imozulu eshushu kakhulu, izikhukula ezitshabalalisayo, inani elikhulu lababaleki, izoyikiso ezinkulu kukhuseleko lokutya lwehlabathi kunye nempembelelo engenakulungiseka kwimithombo yomhlaba namanzi. Iziganeko zemozulu ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-El Nino ziya kuqhubeka zenzeka kwaye zibe yingozi ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu,imboni yezemigodiikwajongene nemiba yomngcipheko ophezulu. Kubaukumbiwa kwemigodikunye neendawo zemveliso zeeprojekthi ezininzi zophuhliso lweemigodi zijongene nomngcipheko wotshintsho lwemozulu, kwaye ziya kuba sesichengeni ngakumbi phantsi kwempembelelo eqhubekayo yeziganeko zemozulu ezimbi. Umzekelo, iimeko zemozulu ezimbi zinokuchaphazela uzinzo lwamadama emigodi kwaye zibenze mandundu ukwenzeka kweengozi zokuqhekeka kweemigodi.
Ukongeza, ukubakho kweziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezitshintshayo kukwakhokelela kwingxaki enkulu yokunikezelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ukunikezelwa kwemithombo yamanzi akusiyo nje indlela ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa kwimisebenzi yemigodi, kodwa kukwayimithombo yokuphila ebalulekileyo kubemi basekuhlaleni kwiindawo zemigodi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yeendawo ezinobhedu, igolide, isinyithi, kunye ne-zinc (30-50%) azinamanzi ngokwaneleyo, kwaye isithathu seendawo zemigodi yegolide kunye nobhedu kwihlabathi zingabona umngcipheko wazo wamanzi omfutshane uphindwe kabini ngo-2030, ngokutsho kwe-S & P Global Assessment. Umngcipheko wamanzi uphezulu kakhulu eMexico. EMexico, apho iiprojekthi zemigodi zikhuphisana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngemithombo yamanzi kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwemigodi ziphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lobudlelwane noluntu lunokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwimisebenzi yemigodi.
Ukuze kujongwane nemiba eyahlukeneyo enobungozi, imboni yezemigodi ifuna imodeli yemveliso yezemigodi ezinzileyo ngakumbi. Le asiyondlela yokuphepha umngcipheko kuphela eluncedo kumashishini ezemigodi nakubatyali-mali, kodwa ikwayindlela yokuziphatha enoxanduva loluntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba amashishini ezemigodi kufuneka andise utyalo-mali lwawo kwizisombululo zobuchwepheshe ezizinzileyo, ezinje ngokunciphisa imiba enobungozi ekunikezelweni kwamanzi, kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimboni yezemigodi.imboni yezemigodikulindeleke ukuba inyuse kakhulu utyalo-mali lwayo kwizisombululo zobugcisa zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ingakumbi kwicandelo lezithuthi zombane, ubuchwepheshe beephaneli zelanga kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri.
Ishishini lezemigodi lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze kujongwane notshintsho lwemozulu. Enyanisweni, ihlabathi likwinkqubo yokutshintshela kuluntu olunekhabhoni ephantsi kwixesha elizayo, olufuna inani elikhulu lezixhobo zezimbiwa. Ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ezibekwe yiSivumelwano saseParis, amandla emveliso yehlabathi yezobuchwepheshe ezikhupha ikhabhoni ephantsi, ezifana neeturbine zomoya, izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane welanga, iindawo zokugcina amandla kunye nezithuthi zombane, ziya kuphuculwa kakhulu. Ngokwengqikelelo yeBhanki yeHlabathi, imveliso yehlabathi yezi teknoloji zikhupha ikhabhoni ephantsi iya kufuna ngaphezulu kweetoni ezi-3 zeebhiliyoni zezixhobo zezimbiwa kunye nezixhobo zesinyithi ngo-2020. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zezixhobo zezimbiwa ezaziwa ngokuba “zizixhobo eziphambili”, ezifana negraphite, i-lithium kunye ne-cobalt, zinokunyusa imveliso yehlabathi phantse amaxesha amahlanu ngo-2050, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezikhulayo zezixhobo zobuchwepheshe bamandla acocekileyo. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kushishino lwezemigodi, kuba ukuba ishishini lezemigodi lingamkela indlela yokuvelisa izimbiwa ezinzileyo engentla ngaxeshanye, ngoko ishishini liya kwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni injongo yophuhliso lwehlabathi lwekamva lokukhusela okusingqongileyo okuluhlaza.
Amazwe asaphuhlayo avelise inani elikhulu lezixhobo zezimbiwa ezifunekayo ekuguqulweni kwehlabathi ngekhabhoni ephantsi. Ngokwembali, amazwe amaninzi avelisa izixhobo zezimbiwa ebethwaxwa sisiqalekiso sezixhobo, kuba la mazwe axhomekeke kakhulu kwimali yamalungelo okumba, irhafu yezixhobo zezimbiwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kweemveliso zezimbiwa ezingavuthwanga kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo echaphazela indlela yophuhliso lwelizwe. Ikamva elichumayo nelizinzileyo elifunekayo kuluntu kufuneka liphule isiqalekiso sezixhobo zezimbiwa. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho amazwe asaphuhlayo anokulungela ngcono ukuziqhelanisa nokuphendula kutshintsho lwemozulu lwehlabathi.
Imephu yokufikelela kule njongo kukuba amazwe asakhulayo anezibonelelo eziphezulu zezimbiwa akhawulezise amanyathelo ahambelanayo okuphucula amandla ekhonkco lexabiso lendawo kunye nelengingqi. Oku kubalulekile ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ludala ubutyebi kwaye ngaloo ndlela lubonelela ngenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo yokulungelelanisa nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kumazwe asakhulayo. Okwesibini, ukuze kuthintelwe impembelelo yoguquko lwamandla ehlabathi, ihlabathi aliyi kusombulula utshintsho lwemozulu ngokuthatha indawo yetekhnoloji yamandla enye ngomnye. Okwangoku, uchungechunge lokubonelela ngehlabathi luhlala luyimveliso enkulu yegesi egcina igesi, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamandla efosili licandelo lezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ke ngoko, ukwenziwa kwetekhnoloji yamandla aluhlaza ekhutshwe kwaye iveliswe lishishini lezemigodi kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi egcina igesi ngokusondeza isiseko sobonelelo lwamandla aluhlaza kufutshane nomgodi. Okwesithathu, amazwe asakhulayo aya kukwazi ukwamkela izisombululo zamandla aluhlaza kuphela ukuba iindleko zemveliso yamandla aluhlaza ziyancitshiswa ukuze abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa ezo teknoloji eziluhlaza ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Kumazwe nakwiindawo apho iindleko zemveliso ziphantsi, izicwangciso zemveliso zasekhaya ezinetekhnoloji yamandla aluhlaza zinokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo ukuqwalaselwa.
Njengoko kugxininisiwe kweli nqaku, kwiindawo ezininzi, ishishini lezemigodi kunye notshintsho lwemozulu zidibene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Ishishini lezemigodi lidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuba sifuna ukuphepha okubi, kufuneka senze ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba izinto ezinomdla, amathuba kunye nezinto eziza kuqala kuwo onke amaqela azanelisi, ngamanye amaxesha zide zingabi ntle kwaphela, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye neenkokheli zoshishino abanalo ukhetho ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa amanyathelo kunye nokuzama ukufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezamkelekileyo kuwo onke amaqela. Kodwa okwangoku, isantya senkqubela phambili sicotha kakhulu, kwaye asinaso isiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokufezekisa le njongo. Okwangoku, ukwenziwa kwesicwangciso sezicwangciso ezininzi zokuphendula kwimozulu kuqhutywa ngoorhulumente belizwe kwaye kube sisixhobo sezopolitiko. Ngokuphathelele ukufezekisa iinjongo zokuphendula kwimozulu, kukho umahluko ocacileyo kwiminqweno kunye neemfuno zamazwe ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yesakhelo sokusabela kwimozulu, ngakumbi imithetho yolawulo lorhwebo kunye notyalo-mali, ibonakala ichasene ngokupheleleyo neenjongo zokuphendula kwimozulu.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-16-2023
