He wāhanga tino nui te whitiki kawe o te pūnaha whitiki kawe, e whakamahia ana hei kawe i ngā rauemi me te kawe i aua rauemi ki ngā wāhi kua tohua. Ko tōna whānui me tōna roa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hoahoa tuatahi me te tahora o tewhitiki kawe.
01. Te whakarōpūtanga o te whitiki kawe
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi whitiki kawe noa kia rua ngā wāhanga: ko te matua taura waea rino, he kaha te kawe me te pai o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te ā-mīhini, kia taea ai te whakatutuki i te tono kawe tere-teitei i raro i te kaupapa o te kaha kawe nui; ko te momo tuarua ko te nairona, te miro, te rapa me ētahi atu rauemi, he iti iho i te rahinga kawe me te tere o te matua taura waea rino.
02. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te whitiki kawe e tika ana?
Te kōwhiringa owhitiki kaweKo te kaha o te whitiki kawe e hangai ana ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te roa o te whitiki kawe, te kaha kawe, te kume o te whitiki, ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi kawe, ngā āhuatanga whiwhi rauemi me te taiao mahi.
Me tutuki i te whiriwhiringa o te whitiki kawe ngā whakaritenga e whai ake nei:
Me whiriwhiri te whitiki kawe matua o te papanga polyester mō te whitiki kawe tawhiti poto. Mō ngā whitiki kawe he nui te kaha kawe, he tawhiti kawe roa, he teitei hiki nui me te kume nui, me whiriwhiri te whitiki kawe taura maitai.
He nui ngā rauemi poraka kei roto i ngā rauemi kawe, ā, ki te nui te takanga tika mai i te pūwāhi whiwhi, me whiriwhiri te kawe ātete pānga me te ātete haehae.
Kaua e neke ake i te 6 ngā paparanga o te whitiki kawe matua papanga paparanga: mēnā he whakaritenga motuhake mō te matotoru o te whitiki kawe, ka taea te whakanui ake.
Me ātete mura te arai whitiki raro whenua.
Hononga whitiki kawe
Me whiriwhiri te momo hononga o te whitiki kawe i runga i te momo whitiki kawe me ngā āhuatanga o te whitiki kawe:
Me whakamahi te whitiki kawe taura maitai i te hononga whakapūkara;
Me whakamahi te hononga whakapūkara mō te whitiki kawe matua papanga maha-apa;
Me whakamahi he hononga piri, he hononga ā-ringa rānei mō te whitiki kawe matua katoa o te papanga.
Ko te momo hononga whakamomona o te whitiki kawe: me whakamahi te whitiki kawe matua papanga paparanga i te hononga hikoi; ka taea e te whitiki kawe taura maitai te whakamahi i te kotahi, i te maha rānei o ngā hononga whakamomona i runga i te kaha kume.
Te tauwehenga haumaru o te whitiki kawe
Me whiriwhiri te tauwehenga haumaru o te whitiki kawe i runga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē: arā, mō te whitiki kawe whānui, ko te tauwehenga haumaru o te whitiki kawe matua taura waea ka taea te 7-9; ina tīmata ngāwari te kawe, me whai i ngā mahi aukati, e hiahiatia ana te 5-7.
03. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te whānui me te tere o te hononga?
1. Whānuitanga o te aratuku
I te nuinga o te wā, mō te tere o te whitiki kua whakaritea, ka piki ake te kaha kawe o te kawe whitiki i te whānui o te whitiki. Me whānui te whitiki kawe kia kore ai e tata ngā poraka nui o te ranunga poraka me te paura e kawehia ana ki te taha o te whitiki kawe, ā, me nui te rahi o roto o te paipa whāngai me te tawhiti i waenganui i te paipa ārahi kia taea ai e te ranunga o ngā rahi matūriki rerekē te haere me te kore e aukati.
2. Te tere o te whitiki
Ko te tere tika o te whitiki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhua o te rauemi e haria ana, te kaha kawe e hiahiatia ana me te kumenga whitiki e whakamahia ana.
Me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei mō te whiriwhiri i te tere o te whitiki:
Whānuitanga o te arai: ko te iti o te whānui o te rīpene, ka iti ake tōna pumau ina tere te oma, ā, ka ngāwari hoki ki te marara nui.
Kawe whitiki pumau: i te nuinga o te wā, he teitei te kounga o te tāutanga, ā, he pai ake te tere o te whitiki teitei, engari he iti te tere o ngā kawe whitiki pumau me ngā kawe whitiki nekeneke.
Ka tere ake te tere ina kawe whakapae, tata whakapae rānei. Mēnā he nui ake te piko, ka māmā ake te hurihuri, te paheke rānei o te rauemi, ā, me tere ake te whakamahi.
He whitiki kawe me te tāutanga piko: i te taha o te kōrero, me iti ake te tere o te whitiki kawe ki raro, nā te mea he māmā ake te hurihuri me te reti i ngā rauemi i runga i te whitiki i te wā e kawe ana ki raro.
Ko te nui ake o te uara tana kiromita o te kaha kawe, ko te nui ake o te kaha o te whitiki e hiahiatia ana. Hei whakaiti i te kaha o te whitiki, ka taea te whakamahi i te tere teitei ake.
Te piko o te whitiki i runga i te roera: ko te pānga o te uta me te pānga o ngā rauemi ka hua te kakahu o te whitiki, nō reira he pai ake te whakaroa i te kawe tawhiti poto. Heoi, hei whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te whitiki, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kawe tawhiti-roa te mahi tere-teitei.
Ka taea e te kaikawe whitiki te whakaoti i te kaha kawe e hiahiatia ana e te pūnaha, ko te whānui o te whitiki me te tere o te whitiki te mea nui e whakatauhia ana. He nui te pānga o te tere o te whitiki ki te whānui o te whitiki, te taumaha mate, te utu me te kounga mahi o te kaikawe whitiki. I raro i te kaha kawe kotahi, e rua ngā kaupapa ka taea te whiriwhiri: te whānui whānui nui ake me te tere whitiki iti ake, te whānui whānui iti ake rānei me te tere whitiki teitei ake. Me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te tere whitiki:
Ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakaritenga tukanga o ngā rauemi kua tukuna
(1) Mō ngā rauemi he iti te kaha ki te whakakoi me ngā matūriki iti, pērā i te waro, te witi, te onepu, me ētahi atu, me whakamahi i te tere teitei ake (ko te tikanga 2~4m/s).
(2) Mō ngā rauemi he kaha te whakakoi, he poraka nunui, ā, e wehi ana kei pakaru, pērā i te waro nui, te konganuku nui, te kōka, me ētahi atu, e taunakihia ana kia tere iti (i roto i te 1.25~2m/s).
(3) Mō ngā rauemi paura, ngā rauemi rānei he nui te puehu e ngāwari ana te kohi puehu, me whakamahi i te tere iti (≤ 1.0m/s) hei karo i te rere o te puehu.
(4) Mō ngā taonga, ngā rauemi ngāwari ki te hurihuri, ngā wāhi rānei he nui ngā whakaritenga mō ngā āhuatanga hauora taiao, he pai te tere iti (≤1.25m/s).
Te tahora me te aratau tukunga o te kawe whitiki
(1) Ka taea e ngā kaikawe whitiki tawhiti me te whakapae te whiriwhiri i te tere whitiki teitei ake.
(2) Mō ngā kaikawe whitiki he nui te piko, he poto rānei te tawhiti kawe, me whakaiti tika te tere o te whitiki.
(3) Ina whakamahia te taraka tango utanga mō te tango utanga, kaua te tere o te whitiki e tino tere rawa, kaua e neke atu i te 3.15m/s, nā te mea he nui te piko o te whitiki kawe ki roto i te taraka tango utanga.
(4) Ina whakamahia te kaitārewa parau mō te tukunga, kaua te tere o te whitiki e neke ake i te 2.8m/s nā te mea ka nui ake te ātete me te pakaru.
(5) Kaua te tere whitiki o te kawe whitiki whakararo me te pikinga nui e neke ake i te 3.15m/s.
Ko te whitiki kawe te wāhanga matua o te kawe, he wāhanga kawe, he wāhanga kukume hoki. Ko te utu o te whitiki kawe i roto i te kawe e 30% – 50% o te utu taputapu katoa. Nō reira, mō te whitiki kawe, me aro nui ki te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi, te tere o te whitiki me te whānui o te whitiki kia pai ai te mahi a te kawe.
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Wā tuku: Hanuere-11-2023
