Ⅰ. Ukuthutha kokuphakamisa
1 Ukuphakamisa imayini
Ukuphakamisa imayini kuyisixhumanisi sokuthutha i-ore, idwala elingcolile kanye nabasebenzi bokuphakamisa, izinto zokuphakamisa kanye nemishini enemishini ethile. Ngokusho kwezinto zokuphakamisa zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili, esinye ukuphakamisa izintambo (ukuphakamisa izintambo), esinye ukuphakamisa izintambo (njengeibhande elithwalayoukukhuphula, ukukhuphula ngamandla kagesi kanye nokukhuphula ngomoya, njll.), okusetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwazo ukukhuphula ngentambo.
1) Ukwakheka kwemishini yokuphakamisa imayini
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini yokuphakamisa imayini yi-container yokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo yokuphakamisa, ilifti (kufaka phakathi idivayisi yokudonsa), i-derrick kanye nesondo le-sky, kanye namadivayisi okulayisha nokukhipha impahla.
2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini yokuphakamisa imayini
(1) Ngokuya ngokuthambekela komgodi, uhlukaniswe ngemishini yokuphakamisa umgodi kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa umgodi othambekile.
(2) Ngokohlobo lwesitsha sokuphakamisa, singahlukaniswa ngemishini yokuphakamisa amakheji, imishini yokuphakamisa amakheji, imishini yokuphakamisa amakheji, imishini yokuphakamisa amabhakede, kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa amaloli ezintambo zeMithombo ethambekele.
(3) Ngokusebenzisa ukuphakamisa, imishini eyinhloko yokuphakamisa (i-ore ekhethekile noma ikakhulukazi yokuphakamisa, ngokuvamile eyaziwa nangokuthi imishini eyinhloko yokuphakamisa imithombo), imishini yokuphakamisa eyisizayo (itshe eliyimfucuza lokuphakamisa, abasebenzi bokuphakamisa, izinto zokuthutha kanye nemishini, njll., ngokuvamile eyaziwa nangokuthi imishini yokuphakamisa imithombo eyisizayo) kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa eyisizayo (njenge-patio lift, ukugcinwa kanye nokuphakamisa, njll.).
(4) Ngokohlobo lwesiphakamisi, sihlukaniswe ngemishini yokuphakamisa enentambo eyodwa (sine-singleisigubhukanye ne-double drum), imishini yokuphakamisa enezintambo eziningi, imishini yokuphakamisa enezintambo eyodwa (engasakhiqizwa), kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa enezintambo eziningi.
(5) Ngokwenani lezitsha zokuphakamisa, ihlukaniswe ngemishini yokuphakamisa isitsha esisodwa (enesando sokulinganisela) kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa izitsha ezimbili.
(6) Ngokwesimo sebhalansi sohlelo lokuphakamisa, luhlukaniswe ngemishini yokuphakamisa engalingani kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa engaguquki.
(7) Ngokohlobo lokuhudula, ihlukaniswe ngemishini yokuphakamisa i-AC kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa i-DC.
3) Uhlelo lokuphakamisa
(1) Ukuphakamisa umgodi ngentambo eyodwa
Ezimayini ezinomgodi ojulile ongaphansi kwamamitha angu-300 kanye nobubanzi besigubhu obungadluli kumamitha angu-3, kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa lokuphakamisa intambo. Ukukhetha ikheji noma i-skip njengesitsha sokuphakamisa kuyinkinga ebalulekile ekwakhiweni, okudingeka inqunywe ngokuqhathanisa izici ezahlukahlukene (ukuphakamisa izintambo eziningi kuyafana).
Ngokuvamile ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuphakamisa, kusetshenziswa amasethi amabili emishini yokuphakamisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imayini ikhipha umkhiqizo kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Umthombo oyinhloko yi-skip yokuphakamisa i-ore, kanti umthombo osizayo yizikheji zokuqedela umsebenzi wokuphakamisa osizayo noma i-main kanye ne-assistant Wells zonke ziyizikheji. Yikuphi okufanele kunqunywe ngokwemibandela ethile yemayini ngayinye. Uma umkhiqizo wonyaka wemayini mkhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-main shaft skip, i-assistant shaft cage lapho umkhiqizo wonyaka wemayini mncane noma uhlobo lwe-ore lungaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili, noma i-ore ingafaneleki ukuchotshozwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikheji.
Uma i-multi-level ikhuliswa, i-balance hammer single cage ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwanda ezimayini lapho isivuno singesikhulu kakhulu futhi izinga lokuthuthuka lingaphezulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa amasethi amabili e-balance hammer single cage ukuqinisekisa isivuno.
Ezimayini ezinomkhiqizo omncane kakhulu wonyaka, isethi yemishini yokuphakamisa amakheji ingasetshenziswa ukuqedela yonke imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ezimayini eziningi zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi, ezimayini ezingezona ezensimbi kanye nezimayini zezimboni zenuzi eShayina.
(2) Ukuphakamisa ukungqubuzana kwezintambo eziningi zeshafti
I-lifti yokungqubuzana enezintambo eziningi inezinzuzo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwe-lifti yokungqubuzana enezintambo eziningi lapho ukujula komthombo kungaphezu kwamamitha angu-300 esikhundleni sobubanzi besigubhu obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-3, i-lifti yokungqubuzana encane enezintambo eziningi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka esikhundleni se-lifti yokugoqa enentambo eyodwa ngobubanzi besigubhu obungaphansi kwamamitha angu-3.
Njengoba kunzima ukulungisa ubude bentambo yocingo, ukuphakanyiswa kwesitsha esiphindwe kabili kufanelekela izinga elilodwa lokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yethonya lokuguquguquka kwentambo yocingo yokuphakamisa, uhlelo lokuphakanyiswa kwesitsha esiphindwe kabili lungaqinisekisa kuphela ukupaka okunembile kwekhanda lomthombo ekusebenzeni kwangempela, futhi isitsha esingaphansi komthombo sipakwe endaweni eqondile (yokuphakanyiswa kwe-skip, ukunemba kokupaka akuqinile).
Uhlelo lokuphakamisa isando sebhalansi yesitsha esisodwa lufanelekela kakhulu izimayini zokuphakamisa ezinamazinga amaningi. Futhi ukuphakamisa isando sebhalansi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-skid kohlelo lokuphakamisa izintambo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuphakamisa isitsha esisodwa aluthintwa ukuguquguquka kwentambo yocingo, okungaqinisekisa ukupaka okunembile kuwo wonke amazinga okukhiqiza, ngakho-ke lusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga amaningi ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezimbili ze-ore, amasethi amabili emishini yokuphakamisa isitsha esisodwa kanye nesethi eyodwa yesitsha esisodwa ngokwezidingo zokukhiqiza ezithile kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza.
(3) Ukuphakamisa umgodi othambekele
Ukukhushulwa komgodi othambekile kunezinzuzo zokwakha okusheshayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane. Ububi bako ukuthi isivinini sokuphakamisa sihamba kancane, ikakhulukazi uma ubude obuthambekile bukhulu, amandla okukhiqiza mancane, ukuguguleka kwentambo yocingo kukhulu, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa i-wellbore ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakamisa umgodi othambekile kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimayini ezincane neziphakathi nendawo (ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ibhande).
Ukuphakamisa kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-single hook kanye ne-double hook. Izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kweyunithi ye-single hook mining yisigaba esincane somgodi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi kanye nokuthuthukiswa okulula kwamazinga amaningi. Okubi umthamo wokukhiqiza ophansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zemayini ye-double hook yi-output enkulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane, njengesigaba somgodi omkhulu, insimu yokulayisha nokulayisha eyinkimbinkimbi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe, okungasizi ekuthuthukiseni kwamazinga amaningi. Ngokuvamile, lapho imoto ye-single hook isetshenziswa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza, iyunithi ye-double hook ayisetshenziswa.
Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nesikhathi eside sokwakha, lapho ukuthambekela komgodi othambekile kungaphansi kwama-28°, iqembu lezimoto zezimayini kufanele lisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ijubane elivumelekile lokuphakamisa i-integrated shaft skip lilikhulu futhi isikhathi sokupaka sifushane. Ngakho-ke, emayini enomkhiqizo omkhulu waminyaka yonke, akukho bukhulu be-intemplation Angle. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuthambekela kungaphansi kwama-18°, i-belt conveyor nayo ingasetshenziswa.
4) Ukubuyiswa kwempuphu yamaminerali
Ukukhushulwa kwe-shaft skip kungenxa yokugcwaliswa kwe-ore, ukugcwaliswa kwe-ore noma ukuvuza kwamanzi kwe-ore, i-ore encane noma udaka namanzi kuhlangana, futhi kuvuza phansi komthombo ngegebe lesango, kwakha inani elikhulu le-slurry, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-ore encane phansi komthombo. Ngaphezu kokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umthombo we-ore encane, amadivayisi okubuyisa i-ore encane kumele aklanywe. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokubuyisa i-ore enoboya obuncane zinezinhlobo eziningana ezilandelayo.
(1) Usebenzisa iphansi lomthombo njenge-powder bunker, kusukela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lokukhipha umgodi, gubha umgwaqo ngomgodi we-mine we-cage encane) phansi komthombo we-skip. Ngemva kokuba umthombo we-powder ulayishwe ngesango le-funnel, uyaphakanyiswa bese wehliswa yi-cage encane (noma umthombo omncane ogobile) ungene kwi-skip bunker.
(2) Uma umthombo oxubile ususetshenziswa, indawo yokugcina i-powder ore ibekwa ohlangothini olungezansi lomthombo, kusukela ekhejini lethangi elingezansi kuya emotweni, futhi ixhunywe nembobo yokulayisha ye-powder ore yokugcina i-powder ore ngomzila oseceleni. Ngemva kokuba i-powder ore isilayishiwe, ithangi liyaphakanyiswa, lithululwe liyiswe endaweni yokugcina i-skip mine noma liphakamise ubuso ngqo.
(3) Uma iMithombo eyinhloko neyisekelayo iseduze, umthombo osizayo uphambi kwawo. Ngemva kokuba i-ore ecolekile ilayishwe isuka endaweni yokugcina imfucuza yemigodi engezansi yomthombo oyinhloko, umgodi osizayo uyaphakanyiswa bese uthululwa ungene endaweni yokugcina imfucuza yemigodi, noma uphakamise ubuso ngqo.
Phakathi kwezindlela ezintathu ezingenhla, indlela yokuqala inomthamo omkhulu wokuthuthukiswa futhi ukuphathwa kwayo akulula, kodwa ingagwema ubungozi bokusebenzisa intambo yomsila elinganiselayo noma umzila wethangi lentambo lapho intambo yomsila noma intambo yethangi idlula ebhukwini lempuphu kulezi zindlela ezimbili zokugcina.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-03-2023
