Ⅰ.Kukweza mayendedwe
1 Kukweza kwanga
Kukwezera mgodi ndi njira yonyamulira ore, zinyalala za miyala ndi kukweza antchito, zonyamulira zida ndi zida ndi zida zina.Malinga ndi zida zokwezera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, imodzi ndi kukweza chingwe (kukweza chingwe), inayo ndi kukweza zingwe (mongalamba conveyorhoisting, hydraulic hoisting ndi pneumatic hoisting, etc.), pomwe kukweza chingwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
1) Mapangidwe a zida zokwezera mgodi
Zigawo zazikulu za zida zonyamulira migodi ndi chidebe chonyamulira, chingwe chawaya chokwezera, elevator (kuphatikiza chida chokokera), derrick ndi wheel wheel, komanso kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa zida zothandizira.
2) Gulu la zida zokwezera mgodi
(1) Malinga ndi kutengera kwa shaft, imagawidwa kukhala zida zokwezera shaft ndi zida zokwezera shaft.
(2) Malinga ndi mtundu wa chidebe chokwerera, chitha kugawidwa m'zida zokwezera khola, zida zokwerera, zida zokwerera, zida zonyamulira ndowa, ndi zida zonyamulira zingwe za zitsime zoyenda.
(3) Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito hoisting, zida zazikulu zonyamulira (zapadera kapena zokwezera mwala, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zida zazikulu zokwezera bwino), zida zothandizira zokwezera (kukweza zinyalala mwala, ogwira ntchito, onyamula katundu ndi zida, etc. , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti zida zothandizira kukweza bwino) ndi zida zothandizira kukweza (monga chikepe cha patio, kukonza ndi kukweza, ndi zina).
(4) Malinga ndi mtundu wa chokweza, chimagawidwa kukhala zida zomangira chingwe chimodzi (zili ndi chimodzing'omandi ng'oma iwiri), zida zokwezera zingwe zambiri, zida zokwezera chingwe chimodzi (zosapangidwanso), ndi zida zokwezera zingwe zambiri.
(5) Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zotengera zokwezera, zimagawidwa kukhala zida zonyamulira chidebe chimodzi (zokhala ndi nyundo) ndi zida zonyamulira ziwiya ziwiri.
(6) Malinga ndi momwe dongosolo lokwezera likuyendera, limagawidwa kukhala zida zokwezera mopanda malire komanso zida zowongolera.
(7) Malinga ndi mtundu wa kukoka, imagawidwa kukhala zida zokwezera AC ndi zida zokwezera DC.
3) Hoisting system
(1) Kukwezera tsinde ndi chingwe chimodzi
Kwa migodi yakuya kwakuya kosakwana 300m ndi ng'oma m'mimba mwake osapitirira 3m, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokhotakhota ya chingwe.Kusankha khola kapena kudumpha ngati chidebe chokwezera ndi vuto lofunikira pamapangidwewo, omwe amayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kufananiza mbali zosiyanasiyana (kukwezera zingwe zambiri ndizofanana).
Nthawi zambiri pamapangidwe a makina okweza, zida ziwiri zokwezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kutulutsa kwa mgodi ndikumaliza ntchito zina zokweza.Chitsime chachikulu ndikudumpha kuti mukweze miyala, ndipo chitsime chothandizira ndi makola oti amalize ntchito yokweza kapena zitsime zazikulu ndi zothandizira zonse ndi makola.Njira yomwe iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi momwe mgodi uliri.Pamene kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa mgodi kuli kwakukulu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito skip yaikulu ya shaft, khola la shaft lothandizira pamene kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa mgodi kuli kochepa kapena mtundu wa ore ndi woposa mitundu iwiri, kapena miyalayo si yoyenera kukhala. wosweka, ndi bwino ntchito khola.
Pamene Mipikisano mlingo wawonjezeka, balance hammer single khola nthawi zambiri ntchito kuonjezera migodi kumene zokolola si lalikulu kwambiri ndi mlingo wowongoka ndi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina ma seti awiri a balance hammer single khola ntchito kuonetsetsa zokolola.
Kwa migodi yokhala ndi zotulutsa zochepa kwambiri pachaka, zida zokwezera khola zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza ntchito zonse zokweza.Izi ndi zoona ndi migodi yambiri yopanda chitsulo, migodi yopanda zitsulo komanso migodi ya mafakitale a nyukiliya ku China.
(2) Mtsinje wa zingwe zambiri
Zokwezera zingwe zambiri zili ndi zabwino zambiri.Choncho, kuwonjezera pa chikepe cha mikangano ya zingwe zambiri pamene kuya kwa chitsime kupitirira 300m m'malo mwa m'mimba mwa ng'oma kupitirira 3m, chokwezera chaching'ono chokhala ndi zingwe zambiri chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kusintha chikepe cholowera chingwe chimodzi ndi ng'oma. m'mimba mwake osachepera 3m.
Popeza ndizovuta kusintha kutalika kwa chingwe cha waya, kukweza kwa chidebe chapawiri kumakhala koyenera pamlingo umodzi wopangira.Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha chikoka cha mapindikidwe wa kukweza chingwe chingwe, iwiri chidebe hoisting dongosolo angathe kuonetsetsa kuti malo oimikapo olondola a wellhead mu ntchito yeniyeni, ndi chidebe pansi pa chitsime chayimiridwa mu malo enieni (polumphira, kulondola kwa magalimoto sikovuta).
Dongosolo lokwezera chidebe chimodzi lokhala ndi nyundo ndiloyenera makamaka migodi yokwezera ma multilevel.Ndipo kukweza nyundo kungathe kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe a skid a multi-rope friction hoisting system.Komanso, chidebe chimodzi chokwezera makina sichimakhudzidwa ndi kusinthika kwa chingwe cha waya, chomwe chingatsimikizire kuyimitsidwa kolondola pamilingo yonse yopanga, chifukwa chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Pakuwongolera kwamagawo ambiri okhala ndi mitundu yopitilira iwiri ya ore, zida ziwiri zokwezera chidebe chimodzi ndi seti imodzi ya chidebe chimodzi molingana ndi zofunikira za kupanga ndi kupanga.
(3) Kukwezera tsinde lotsetsereka
Kupititsa patsogolo shaft kuli ndi ubwino womanga mofulumira komanso ndalama zochepa.Choyipa chake ndi chakuti liwiro lokwezera limakhala lochedwa, makamaka ngati kutalika kwake kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu yopangira ndi yaying'ono, kuvala kwa waya ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mtengo wokonza chitsime ndi wokwera.Chifukwa chake, kukwera kwa shaft kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'migodi yaing'ono ndi yapakati (kupatula kukweza lamba).
Hoisting imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mbedza imodzi ndi mbedza iwiri.Ubwino wa single hook mining unit kuwongolera ndi gawo laling'ono la shaft, ndalama zochepa, mtengo wotsika wokonza komanso kuwongolera kwamagawo angapo.Zoyipa zake ndizochepa kupanga mphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.Ubwino wa kuwongolera kwa magalimoto oyendetsa migodi iwiri ndizotulutsa zazikulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, monga gawo lalikulu la shaft, kutsitsa kovutirapo ndi kutsitsa, ndalama zambiri, zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi kusintha kwamitundu yambiri.Nthawi zambiri, galimoto imodzi ya mbedza ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zopanga, cholumikizira chawiri sichigwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yomanga, pamene kupendekera kwa shaft sikuchepera 28 °, gulu la magalimoto oyendetsa migodi liyenera kutengedwa momwe mungathere.Komabe, liwiro lololeka la kukwezera shaft skip ndi lalikulu ndipo nthawi yoyimitsa ndi yaifupi.Choncho, mu mgodi ndi lalikulu linanena bungwe pachaka, palibe kukula kwa kutengera Angle.Komabe, ngati kupendekerako kuli kochepera 18 °, chotengera lamba chimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
4) Kubwezeretsa kwa mchere wa mchere
Kukwera kwa shaft skip kumabwera chifukwa cha kudzazidwa kwa ore, kudzaza kwa ore kapena kutuluka kwa madzi kwa ore, miyala yabwino kapena matope ndi kusanganikirana kwamadzi, ndikudonthokera pansi pa chitsime kudzera pachipata, ndikupanga slurry wambiri. , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyala yabwino ikhale pansi pa chitsime.Kuwonjezera pa kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse gwero la miyala yamtengo wapatali, zipangizo zosungiramo miyala yamtengo wapatali ziyenera kupangidwanso.General fine ufa fine ore recovery njira zili ndi izi zingapo.
(1) Pogwiritsira ntchito pansi pa chitsime monga bunker ya ufa, kuyambira pamtunda wotsika kwambiri wa shaft, kukumba msewu ndi chingwe chaching'ono cha mgodi wa khola) pansi pa chitsime chodumpha.Pambuyo ponyamula chitsime cha ufa ndi chipata cha faniyo, chimakwezedwa ndikutsitsidwa ndi khola laling'ono (kapena chitsime chocheperako) mu skip bunker.
(2) Chitsime chosakanikirana chikakhazikitsidwa, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu za ufa imayikidwa pansi pa chitsime, kuchokera pansi pa thanki yapansi kupita ku galimoto, ndikugwirizanitsa ndi doko losungiramo katundu wa ufa ndi njira yambali.Pambuyo ponyamula mafuta, thanki imakwezedwa, kutsitsa m'malo osungiramo migodi kapena kukweza pamwamba.
(3) Pamene Chitsime chachikulu ndi chothandizira chili pafupi, chitsime chothandizira chimakhala pamlingo umodzi patsogolo pake.Miyala yabwino ikatulutsidwa kuchokera kunkhokwe ya pansi ya ufa pachitsime chachikulu, tsinde lothandizira limakwezedwa ndikutsitsidwa mu nkhokwe yosungiramo migodi, kapena kukweza pamwamba.
Mwa njira zitatu zomwe tafotokozazi, njira yoyamba imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwachitukuko ndipo kasamalidwe sikoyenera, koma imatha kupewa kuipa kogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira mchira kapena chingwe cha thanki pamene chingwe cha mchira kapena chingwe cha thanki chikudutsa mu ufa. bunker mu njira ziwiri zomaliza.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-03-2023
