Ⅰ. Uthutho lokunyusela
1 Ukuphakanyiswa kwemigodi
Ukuphakanyiswa kwemigodi yindlela yokuthutha i-ore, ilitye lenkunkuma kunye nabasebenzi bokuphakamisa, izixhobo zokuphakamisa kunye nezixhobo ezinezixhobo ezithile. Ngokwendlela izinto zokuphakamisa zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini, enye kukuphakamisa intambo (ukuphakamisa intambo), enye kukuphakamisa intambo (njengeibhendi yokuthuthaukuxhoma, ukuxhoma nge-hydraulic kunye nokuxhoma nge-pneumatic, njl.njl.), apho kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukuxhoma ngentambo.
1) Ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa imigodi
Izinto eziphambili zezixhobo zokuphakamisa imigodi zizikhongozeli zokuphakamisa, intambo yocingo lokuphakamisa, ilifti (kubandakanya isixhobo sokutsala), i-derrick kunye nevili le-sky, kunye nezixhobo zokulayisha nokukhupha impahla.
2) Uhlu lwezixhobo zokuphakamisa imigodi
(1) Ngokwendlela i-shaft ethambekele ngayo, yahlulwe yaba zizixhobo zokuphakamisa i-shaft kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa i-shaft ethambekileyo.
(2) Ngokohlobo lwesikhongozeli sokuphakamisa, singahlulwa sibe zizixhobo zokuphakamisa iikheyiji, izixhobo zokuphakamisa iikheyiji, izixhobo zokuphakamisa iikheyiji, izixhobo zokuphakamisa iibhakethi, kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa iilori ezinentambo zeMithombo etyebileyo.
(3) Ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo i-hoisting, izixhobo eziphambili zokuphakamisa (i-ore ekhethekileyo okanye esetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphakamiseni, eyaziwa ngokuba zizixhobo eziphambili zokuphakamisa amanzi), izixhobo zokuphakamisa amanzi ezincedisayo (ilitye lenkunkuma lokuphakamisa amanzi, abasebenzi bokuphakamisa amanzi, izinto zokuthutha kunye nezixhobo, njl.njl., eyaziwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokuphakamisa amanzi ezincedisayo) kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa amanzi ezincedisayo (ezifana ne-patio lift, ukugcinwa kunye nokuphakamisa amanzi, njl.njl.).
(4) Ngokohlobo lwe-hoist, yahlulwe yaba zizixhobo zokuphakamisa ezijijekileyo ezinentambo enye (ine-singleigubukunye nedrum ephindwe kabini), izixhobo zokuphakamisa iintambo ezininzi, izixhobo zokuphakamisa iintambo enye (ezingasaveliswanga), kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa iintambo ezininzi.
(5) Ngokwenani lezikhongozeli zokuphakamisa, yahlulwe yaba zizixhobo zokuphakamisa izikhongozeli esinye (ezinesando sokulinganisela) kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa izikhongozeli ezimbini.
(6) Ngokwemeko yokulinganisela kwenkqubo yokuphakamisa, yahlulwe yaba zizixhobo zokuphakamisa ezingalinganiyo kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa ezizinzileyo.
(7) Ngokohlobo lokurhuqa, yahlulwe yaba zizixhobo zokuphakamisa i-AC kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa i-DC.
3) Inkqubo yokuphakamisa
(1) Ukuphakanyiswa kwe-shaft ngentambo enye
Kwimigodi enobunzulu bomthombo obungaphantsi kwe-300m kunye nobubanzi bedrum obungekho ngaphezulu kwe-3m, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo enye yokuphakamisa intambo. Ukukhetha ikheyiji okanye i-skip njengesikhongozeli sokuphakamisa yingxaki ebalulekileyo kuyilo, ekufuneka imiselwe ngokuthelekisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo (ukuphakamisa intambo ezininzi kuyafana).
Ngokwesiqhelo kuyilo lwenkqubo yokuphakamisa, kusetyenziswa iiseti ezimbini zezixhobo zokuphakamisa ukuqinisekisa imveliso yomgodi kunye nokugqiba eminye imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Umthombo oyintloko yi-skip yokuphakamisa i-ore, kwaye umthombo oncedisayo ziikheyiji zokugqiba umsebenzi wokuphakamisa oncedisayo okanye i-main and assistant Wells zonke ziikheyiji. Yeyiphi indlela ekufuneka imiselwe ngokweemeko ezithile zomgodi ngamnye. Xa imveliso yonyaka yomgodi inkulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-main shaft skip, i-assistant shaft cage xa imveliso yonyaka yomgodi incinci okanye uhlobo lwe-ore lungaphezulu kweentlobo ezimbini, okanye i-ore ayifanelekanga ukutyunyuzwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikheyiji.
Xa i-multi-level inyusiwe, i-balance hammer single cage idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwandisa kwimigodi apho isivuno singekho sikhulu kakhulu kwaye inqanaba lokuphucula lingaphezulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iiseti ezimbini ze-balance hammer single cage zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa isivuno.
Kwimigodi enemveliso encinci kakhulu yonyaka, iseti yezixhobo zokuphakamisa iikheyiji ingasetyenziselwa ukugqiba yonke imisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Oku kuyinyaniso kwimigodi emininzi yesinyithi engenasinyithi, imigodi engeyiyo yesinyithi kunye nemigodi yemizi-mveliso yenyukliya eTshayina.
(2) Ukuphakamisa i-Shaft enentambo ezininzi zokungqubana
I-elevator yokuxinana ngeentambo ezininzi ineengenelo ezininzi. Ke ngoko, ukongeza kwi-elevator yokuxinana ngeentambo ezininzi xa ubunzulu bomthombo bungaphezulu kwe-300m endaweni yobubanzi bedrama obungaphezulu kwe-3m, i-elevator encinci yokuxinana ngeentambo ezininzi ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-elevator yokuxinana enentambo enye kunye nobubanzi bedrama obungaphantsi kwe-3m.
Ekubeni kunzima ukulungisa ubude bentambo yocingo, ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhongozeli esiphindwe kabini kufanelekile kuphela kwinqanaba elinye lemveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yempembelelo yokuguquguquka kwentambo yocingo yokuphakamisa, inkqubo yokuphakanyiswa kwesikhongozeli esiphindwe kabini inokuqinisekisa kuphela ukupaka ngokuchanekileyo kwentloko yomthombo xa usebenza ngokwenene, kwaye isikhongozeli esisezantsi komthombo sipakwe kwindawo echanekileyo (kwindawo yokuphakanyiswa kwe-skip, ukuchaneka kokupaka akungqongqo).
Inkqubo yokufunxa isando se-single balance container ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwimigodi yokufunxa enamanqanaba amaninzi. Kwaye ukufunxa isando se-balance kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-skid kwenkqubo yokufunxa isando esineentambo ezininzi. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokufunxa isando se-single container ayichaphazeleki kukuguqulwa kwentambo yentambo, nto leyo enokuqinisekisa ukupaka ngokuchanekileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba emveliso, ngoko ke isetyenziswa ngakumbi. Ukuphucula amanqanaba amaninzi ngeentlobo ze-ore ezingaphezu kwesibini, iiseti ezimbini zezixhobo zokufunxa isikhongozeli esinye kunye neseti enye yesikhongozeli esinye ngokweemfuno zenqanaba elithile lemveliso kunye nemveliso.
(3) Ukunyuswa kweshafti ethambekileyo
Ukukhuthazwa kwe-integrated shaft kuneengenelo zokwakha ngokukhawuleza kunye notyalo-mali oluncinci. Ingxaki yayo kukuba isantya sokuphakamisa sicotha, ingakumbi xa ubude be-integrated bukhulu, amandla emveliso emancinci, ukuguguleka kwentambo yentsimbi kukhulu, kwaye iindleko zokugcina i-wellbore ziphezulu. Ke ngoko, i-integrated shaft hoisting isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi emincinci nephakathi (ngaphandle kwe-belt conveyor hoisting).
Ukuphakamisa kwahlulwe ngeendlela ezimbini: i-single hook kunye ne-double hook. Iingenelo zokuphucula iyunithi ye-single hook mining yi-small shaft section, utyalo-mali oluncinci, iindleko zokugcinwa eziphantsi kunye nokuphuculwa okulula kwamanqanaba amaninzi. Iingxaki ziphantsi komthamo wemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu. Iingenelo zokuphuculwa kwezithuthi ze-double hook mine kukukhupha okukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci, njenge-large shaft section, i-complex loading and download field, utyalo-mali olungaphezulu, olungenakunceda ekuphuculweni kwamanqanaba amaninzi. Ngokubanzi, xa isithuthi se-single hook sisetyenziselwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso, iyunithi ye-double hook ayisetyenziswa.
Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olukhulu kunye nexesha elide lokwakha, xa ukuthambekela kweshafti etyekileyo kungaphantsi kwama-28°, iqela lezithuthi zemigodi kufuneka lamkelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, isantya esivumelekileyo sokuphakamisa ishafti etyebileyo sikhulu kwaye ixesha lokupaka lifutshane. Ke ngoko, emgodini onemveliso enkulu yonyaka, akukho bukhulu be-Angle yokuthambekela. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukuthambekela kungaphantsi kwama-18°, i-conveyor yebhanti nayo ingasetyenziswa.
4) Ukufunyanwa komgubo weeminerali
Ukunyuswa kwe-shaft skip kungenxa yokuzaliswa kwe-ore, ukuzaliswa kwe-ore okanye ukuvuza kwamanzi kwe-ore, ukuxubana kwe-ore entle okanye udaka namanzi, kwaye kuvuza ezantsi komthombo ngesithuba sesango, kwenze inani elikhulu lodaka, okubangela ukuqokelelwa kwe-ore entle ezantsi komthombo. Ukongeza ekuthatheni amanyathelo asebenzayo okunciphisa umthombo we-ore entle, kufuneka kwenziwe izixhobo zokubuyisa i-ore entle. Iindlela zokubuyisa i-ore entle ngokubanzi zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezilandelayo.
(1) Sebenzisa umzantsi womngxuma njenge-powder bunker, uqala kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokukhupha umngxuma, grumba indlela nge-small cage mine shaft) ezantsi komngxuma. Emva kokuba umngxuma womngxuma ulayishwe ngesango le-funnel, uyaphakanyiswa kwaye uthulwe yi-small cage (okanye umngxuma omncinci otyebileyo) ungene kwi-skip bunker.
(2) Xa umngxuma oxutyiweyo usetyenziswa, indawo yokugcina i-powder ore ibekwa kwicala elisezantsi lomngxuma, ukusuka kwikheyiji yetanki esezantsi ukuya emotweni, kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokulayisha ye-powder ore yokugcina i-powder ore kunye nomjelo osecaleni. Emva kokuba i-powder ore ilayishiwe, itanki iyaphakanyiswa, ithululwe kwindawo yokugcina i-skip mine okanye iphakamise ngqo umphezulu.
(3) Xa iMithombo ephambili neyokuncedisa ikufutshane, umthombo oncedisayo uphambi kwawo. Emva kokuba i-ore entle ilayishwe kwindawo yokugcina umgubo esezantsi yomgodi oyintloko, umngxuma oncedisayo uyaphakanyiswa uze uthululwe uye kwindawo yokugcina umgodi, okanye uphakamise umphezulu ngokuthe ngqo.
Phakathi kwezi ndlela zintathu zingasentla, indlela yokuqala inomlinganiselo omkhulu wophuhliso kwaye ulawulo alulula, kodwa lunokuthintela ingxaki yokusebenzisa intambo yomsila elungeleleneyo okanye umzila wetanki yentambo xa intambo yomsila okanye intambo yetanki idlula kwi-powder bunker kwezi ndlela zimbini zokugqibela.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-03-2023
