Ⅰ. Gutwara abantu hejuru
1 Guturika ibisasu bya mine
Guterura amabuye y'agaciro ni uburyo bwo gutwara amabuye y'agaciro, amabuye y'imyanda n'abakozi baterura, ibikoresho byo guterura n'ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe. Dukurikije uburyo ibikoresho byo guterura bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri, kimwe ni uguterura imigozi (guterura imigozi y'insinga), ikindi ni uguterura imigozi (nk'ukoumukandara w'umukandaragukurura, gukurura amazi no gukurura umwuka, nibindi), muri byo niho gukurura imigozi y'insinga bikoreshwa cyane.
1) Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo kuzamura ikirombe
Ibice by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho byo kuzamura mine ni icyuma gitera hejuru, umugozi w'insinga zo kuzamura, ascenseur (harimo n'igikoresho gikurura), derrick n'uruziga rwo mu kirere, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'inyongera byo gupakira no gupakurura.
2) Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho byo kuzamura amabuye y'agaciro
(1) Dukurikije uburyo umugozi uhagaze, ugabanyijemo ibikoresho byo kuzamura umugozi n'ibikoresho byo kuzamura umugozi uhagaze.
(2) Dukurikije ubwoko bw'igikoresho cyo guterura, gishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byo guterura mu kazu, ibikoresho byo guterura mu kazu, ibikoresho byo guterura mu kazu, ibikoresho byo guterura mu ndobo, n'ibikoresho byo guterura mu kazu k'imigozi ku byuma birebire.
(3) Dukurikije ikoreshwa ry'ibitereko, ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kuzamura (amabuye yihariye cyangwa ahanini akoreshwa mu kuzamura, muri rusange bizwi kandi nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kuzamura amariba), ibikoresho by'inyongera byo kuzamura (amabuye y'imyanda yo kuzamura, abakozi bo kuzamura amariba, ibikoresho byo gutwara, n'ibindi, muri rusange bizwi kandi nk'ibikoresho by'inyongera byo kuzamura amariba) n'ibikoresho by'inyongera byo kuzamura amariba (nk'ameza yo mu ibaraza, kubungabunga no kuzamura amariba, nibindi).
(4) Dukurikije ubwoko bw'icyuma gitereka, gigabanyijemo ibikoresho byo guterura bifite umugozi umwe (gifite kimweingoman'ingoma ebyiri), ibikoresho byo kuzamura imigozi myinshi, ibikoresho byo kuzamura imigozi imwe (bitagikora), n'ibikoresho byo kuzamura imigozi myinshi.
(5) Dukurikije umubare w'ibikoresho byo guterura, bigabanyijemo ibikoresho byo guterura ibikoresho bimwe (bifite inyundo yo kuringaniza) n'ibikoresho byo guterura ibikoresho bibiri.
(6) Dukurikije uko sisitemu yo kuzamura ikirere ihagaze, igabanyijemo ibikoresho byo kuzamura ikirere bidahuje n'ibirimo byo kuzamura ikirere bidahuje n'ibirimo.
(7) Dukurikije ubwoko bw'igikurura, igabanyijemo ibikoresho byo kuzamura amashanyarazi (AC) n'ibikoresho byo kuzamura amashanyarazi (DC).
3) Sisitemu yo kuzamura
(1) Gushyira hejuru umugozi umwe w'umugozi
Ku birombe bifite ubujyakuzimu buri munsi ya metero 300 n'umurambararo w'ingoma utarenze metero 3, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kuzamura umugozi. Guhitamo ikigega cyangwa ikigega nk'igikoresho cyo kuzamura ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu gishushanyo, kigomba kugenwa no kugereranya ibintu bitandukanye (gukuza imigozi myinshi ni kimwe).
Ubusanzwe mu miterere y’uburyo bwo kuzamura amabuye y’agaciro, ibikoresho bibiri byo kuzamura amabuye y’agaciro bikoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane umusaruro w’amabuye y’agaciro no kurangiza indi mirimo yo kuzamura. Iriba rikuru ni skip yo kuzamura amabuye y’agaciro, naho iriba rimufasha ni cages zo kurangiza umurimo wo kuzamura amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa amariba makuru n’ay’inyongera byose ni cages. Ni ubuhe buryo bugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye ya buri kirombe. Iyo umusaruro w’umwaka w’amabuye y’agaciro ari munini, ni byiza gukoresha shaft skip, assistant shaft cage iyo umusaruro w’umwaka w’amabuye y’agaciro ari muto cyangwa ubwoko bw’amabuye y’agaciro ari ubwoko burenze bubiri, cyangwa amabuye y’agaciro adakwiye gusya, ni byiza gukoresha cages.
Iyo urwego rw’ibice byinshi rwongerewe, ubusanzwe icyuma cyo kuringaniza icyuma gikoreshwa mu kongera umusaruro mu birombe aho umusaruro utari munini cyane kandi urwego rwo kunoza urwego rukaba rwinshi, kandi rimwe na rimwe hakoreshwa amaseti abiri y’icyuma cyo kuringaniza icyuma gikoreshwa mu kwemeza umusaruro.
Ku birombe bifite umusaruro muto cyane ku mwaka, ibikoresho byo guterura mu kazu bishobora gukoreshwa mu kurangiza imirimo yose yo guterura. Ibi ni ukuri ku birombe byinshi by'ibyuma bidakoresha feri, ibirombe bitari ibyuma ndetse n'ibirombe by'inganda za kirimbuzi mu Bushinwa.
(2) Guturika imigozi myinshi mu mugozi
Alufa yo gukurura imigozi myinshi ifite ibyiza byinshi. Kubwibyo, uretse alufa yo gukurura imigozi myinshi iyo ubujyakuzimu bw'iriba burenga metero 300 aho kuba umurambararo w'ingoma urenze metero 3, alufa yo gukurura imigozi minini ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza alufa yo gukurura imigozi imwe ifite umurambararo w'ingoma uri munsi ya metero 3.
Kubera ko bigoye guhindura uburebure bw'umugozi w'insinga, umuyoboro w'ibikoresho bibiri ukwiriye gusa urwego rumwe rw'umusaruro. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'umugozi w'insinga uterura, sisitemu yo guterura ibikoresho bibiri ishobora kwemeza gusa ko umutwe w'amazi uhagaze neza mu gihe nyirizina, kandi umuyoboro uri hasi y'amazi uhagaze neza (ku bijyanye no guterura ahantu hatandukanye, ntabwo ari ngombwa ko uhagarara neza).
Sisitemu yo kuzamura inyundo mu buryo bwa "single container balance hammer" ikwiriye cyane cyane mu birombe byo kuzamura inyundo mu buryo bwa "multi-level". Kandi "balance hammer" ishobora kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu yo kuzamura inyundo mu buryo bwa "multi-level friction". Byongeye kandi, sisitemu yo kuzamura inyundo mu buryo bwa "single container" ntigira ingaruka ku ihinduka ry'umugozi w'insinga, ibyo bikaba byatuma habaho parikingi nziza ku rwego rwose rw'umusaruro, bityo ikoreshwa cyane. Kugira ngo hakorwe neza inyundo mu buryo bwa "multi-level" hamwe n'ubwoko burenze bubiri bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho bibiri byo kuzamura inyundo imwe n'inyundo imwe hakurikijwe ibyo umusaruro n'umusaruro ukeneye.
(3) Gutumura umugozi ugororotse
Kwamamaza imiyoboro itembera bifite ibyiza byo kubaka vuba no gushora imari nke. Ingorane zabyo ni uko umuvuduko wo kuzamura imiyoboro ugenda buhoro, cyane cyane iyo uburebure bwayo buto, ubushobozi bwo kuyikora ari buke, umugozi w'insinga ugenda ugabanuka, kandi ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya kikaba kiri hejuru. Kubwibyo, kuzamura imiyoboro itembera bikunze gukoreshwa mu birombe bito n'ibiciriritse (usibye kuzamura imikandara).
Guterura ibyuma bigabanyijemo amoko abiri: ihoki imwe n'ihoki ebyiri. Ibyiza byo kunoza utwuma duto two gucukura ni igice gito cy'umugozi, ishoramari rike, ikiguzi gito cyo kubungabunga no kunoza imiterere y'ibice byinshi. Imbogamizi ni ubushobozi buke bwo gukora no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ibyiza byo kunoza ibinyabiziga bicukura imigozi ibiri ni umusaruro munini n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi make, nk'igice kinini cy'umugozi, ahantu hagoye ho gupakira no gupakurura, ishoramari ryinshi, ibyo bikaba bidafasha kunoza imiterere y'ibice byinshi. Muri rusange, iyo ikinyabiziga kimwe cy'umugozi gikoreshejwe kugira ngo gihuze n'ibisabwa mu gukora, ihoki ebyiri ntikoreshwa.
Bitewe n'ishoramari rinini n'igihe kirekire cyo kubaka, iyo aho icyuma giterera kiri munsi ya dogere 28, itsinda ry'ibinyabiziga bicukura rigomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose. Ariko, umuvuduko wemewe wo kuzamura icyuma giterera ni munini kandi igihe cyo guparika ni gito. Kubwibyo, mu kirombe gifite umusaruro munini ku mwaka, nta ngano y'inguni yo guterera. Ariko, iyo aho icyuma giterera kiri munsi ya dogere 18, umukandara wo kuzenguruka nawo ushobora gukoreshwa.
4) Kugarura ifu y'imyunyu ngugu
Gutembagara kw'imirongo biterwa no kuzura kw'amabuye, kuzura kw'amabuye cyangwa amazi ava mu mabuye, kuvanga kw'amabuye meza cyangwa ibyondo n'amazi, bigasohoka mu nsi y'iriba binyuze mu cyuho cy'irembo, bigatuma habaho urusobe rwinshi rw'amabuye meza, bigatuma amabuye meza yirundanya hasi y'iriba. Uretse gufata ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya aho amabuye meza aturuka, hagomba gukorwa ibikoresho byo kugarura amabuye meza. Uburyo rusange bwo kugarura amabuye meza bufite ubwoko butandukanye bukurikira.
(1) Ukoresheje hasi y'iriba nk'ubukorikori bw'ifu, uhereye ku rwego rwo hasi rw'umuyoboro w'amazi, cura umuhanda ukoresheje umuyoboro muto w'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (cage mine shaft) hepfo y'iriba ry'ubukorikori. Iyo iriba ry'ifu rimaze gushyirwa ku irembo ry'umuyoboro w'amazi, rirazamurwa rigakurwa mu bukorikori buto (cyangwa mu kiroba gito) mu bukorikori bw'ubukorikori.
(2) Iyo iriba rivanze rimaze kwemerwa, ububiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro bushyirwa ku ruhande rwo hasi rw'iriba, kuva ku gikapu cyo hasi cy'ikigega kugeza ku modoka, kandi bugahuzwa n'aho ububiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro bupakira hamwe n'umuyoboro wo ku ruhande. Nyuma y'uko amabuye y'agaciro apakiye, ikigega kirazamurwa, kigashyirwa mu bubiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa kikazamura ubuso bwacyo.
(3) Iyo amariba y’ingenzi n’ay’inyongera yegereye, iriba ry’inyongera riba riri imbere yaryo ku rwego rumwe. Nyuma y’uko amabuye y’agaciro afunguwe mu bubiko bwo hasi bw’ifu y’isukari y’isukari y’isukari, umuyoboro w’inyongera urazamurwa ugashyirwa mu bubiko bw’isukari, cyangwa ukazamura ubuso buto.
Muri ubwo buryo butatu bwavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwa mbere bufite umubare munini w’ibikorwa byo guteza imbere kandi imicungire ntabwo yoroshye, ariko bushobora kwirinda ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha umugozi w’umurizo uringaniye cyangwa inzira y’ikigega cy’umugozi iyo umugozi w’umurizo cyangwa umugozi w’ikigega unyuze mu cyumba cy’ifu muri ubwo buryo bubiri bwa nyuma.
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Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-03-2023
