Ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge ryaibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciroMu Bushinwa burimo gukura buhoro buhoro. Vuba aha, Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Ibibazo n’Ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu bushinzwe Umutekano wa Mine basohoye "Gahunda ya 14 y’Imyaka Itanu yo Kurinda Umusaruro w’Ibirombe" igamije gukomeza gukumira no gukumira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano. Gahunda yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’ingenzi rw’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rw’ubwoko 38 bwa robots zo mu bucukuzi bw’amakara mu byiciro 5, kandi yateje imbere iyubakwa ry’imbunda 494 zikora mu bucukuzi bw’amakara mu gihugu hose, inashyira mu bikorwa ikoreshwa ry’ubwoko 19 bwa robots zijyanye no gukora ibirombe by’amakara. Mu gihe kizaza, gukora mu mutekano w’ibirombe bizatangiza uburyo bushya bwo gucukura bw’amakaramu bw’ubwenge bwo "gukora amato n’amato".
Kugura ibirombe by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro byagiye bikundwa buhoro buhoro
Kuva muri uyu mwaka, bitewe n’iterambere rirambye ry’ingufu n’ibiciro, byatumye agaciro k’inganda zicukura amabuye y’agaciro kiyongera. Mu gihembwe cya kabiri, agaciro k’inganda zicukura amabuye y’agaciro kiyongereyeho 8.4% ugereranyije n’umwaka, kandi igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ubucukuzi bw’amakara n’inganda zisukura amakara cyari hejuru y’imibare ibiri, byombi bikaba byarihuta cyane kurusha iterambere ry’inganda zirengeje urugero. Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cy’iterambere ry’umusaruro w’amakara y’inyongera cyihuta, aho toni miliyari 2.19 z’amakara y’inyongera yakozwe mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, byiyongereyeho 11.0% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Muri Kamena, toni miliyoni 380 z’amakara y’inyongera zakozwe, ziyongereyeho 15.3% ugereranyije n’umwaka, 5.0% vuba ugereranyije na Gicurasi. Dukurikije isesengura riri muri gahunda,ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciroInganda ziracyafite isoko rikomeye. Inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro zirimo gushakisha ibisubizo byo kunoza ibidukikije byo gukoreramo no kunoza imikorere hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki. Hamwe no guhuza cyane 5G, ikoranabuhanga rya "cloud computing", amakuru menshi, ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'izindi koranabuhanga zigezweho, igitekerezo cyo gutuza amabuye y'agaciro buhoro buhoro n'ibindi bintu bizana amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere inganda z'ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Kugira ngo tugere ku kugura amabuye y'agaciro byihuse, gahunda yavuze ko Ubushinwa buzakomeza guteza imbere gukuraho ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bidafite ishingiro. Binyuze mu kwemererwa n'amategeko no kwamamaza, tuzateza imbere gukuraho no gukuraho ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bidafite ishingiro hakurikijwe ubwoko, igihe ntarengwa n'ibipimo, kandi duteze imbere ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya politiki n'amahame ya tekiniki yo gukuraho ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bidafite ishingiro mu birombe. Biragaragara ko kugura amabuye y'agaciro y'ubuhanga bigenda bikundwa buhoro buhoro mu Bushinwa, kandi ibikoresho by'ubuhanga byemerera ibirombe byinshi "kwinjira no gusohoka". Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwubatse ahantu 982 ho gukusanya ibikoresho by'ubuhanga mu birombe by'amakara, kandi buzubaka ahantu 1200-1400 ho kugura ibikoresho by'ubuhanga mu mpera z'uyu mwaka. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri yubatswe, hashyizweho umuyoboro w'igihugu w'ikoranabuhanga mu gushakisha umutekano mu kirombe cy'amakara, kandi imiterere y'ibikorwa birenga 3000 by'umutekano mu kirombe cy'amakara yateraniye i Beijing, bishobora kumenya, kumenya no kuburira vuba ibiza byose mu kirombe cy'amakara, kandi byagize uruhare runini mu gukora ibikoresho mu mutekano mu makara mu Bushinwa. Ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho, gahunda iteganya kongera ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku buryo ibiza bikomeye n'ibyago bihurirana, no kwibanda ku gukemura ibibazo by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi nko kuburira hakiri kare ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano, gukurikirana no kureba ibintu mu buryo buhamye, kuburira hakiri kare no gufata ibyemezo by'ubwenge no gukumira no kugenzura. Gushimangira ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu bucukuzi bw'ubwenge, kwibanda ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi n'ibikoresho bibuza iterambere ry'ubucukuzi bw'ubwenge, nko gushakisha neza imiterere y'ubutaka, kumenya amabuye n'amabuye, ubuhanga mu by'ubumenyi, gushyira ibikoresho mu buryo buboneye, ubucukuzi bw'ubwenge burambuye no gucukura vuba mu bihe bigoye, guhuza ubwikorezi bw'inyongera budafite abakoresha, ahantu hadatuwe cyangwa hadafite abakoresha, no kunoza urwego rwuzuye n'aho ibikoresho by'ubwenge biherereye.
Amahirwe mu bibazo by'ubucucike buke
Iyi gahunda kandi igaragaza isano iri hagati y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Iterambere ry’impinduka mu ngufu riteza imbogamizi zikomeye ku mutekano w’ibirombe, cyane cyane ibura ry’ibikoresho byo mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Kuri ubu, hari icyuho kinini hagati y’ubucukuzi bw’amarobo n’urwego mpuzandengo mu mahanga. Ikoreshwa rikomeye ry’ibikoresho bishya, ikoranabuhanga rishya, inzira nshya n’ibikoresho bishya byazanye ibintu bishya bidasobanutse neza ku mutekano w’umusaruro. Ingaruka z’ibiza zirushaho kuba mbi uko ubucukuzi bwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo guturika kwa gaze mu birombe by’amakara, guturika kw’amabuye n’ibindi biza ntibwagize icyo bugeraho, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi bugomba kunozwa. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’ibirombe bitari iby’amakara ntiringana, umubare wose w’ibirombe ni munini, kandi urwego rw’imashini ni ruto. Bitewe n’umutungo, ikoranabuhanga n’ubunini, urwego rusange rw’imashini mu birombe by’ibyuma n’ibitari iby’ibyuma mu Bushinwa ni ruto. Ariko izi mbogamizi zizana amahirwe mashya yo kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’imiterere y’umusaruro. Hamwe n’ivugurura ry’imiterere y’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, gukuraho no gukuraho ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu inyuma byarushijeho gutezwa imbere, kandi imiterere y’inganda z’ibirombe yakomeje kunozwa. Gufata ibirombe binini bya kera by’amakara bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’umutekano nk’urwego rukuru byabaye icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’inganda z’amakara. Imiterere y’inganda z’ibirombe bitari iby’amakara yakomeje kunozwa binyuze mu gukuraho, gufunga, guhuza, gutunganya no kuvugurura. Ubushobozi bw’ibirombe mu mutekano n’ubushobozi bwo gukumira no kugenzura ibiza byarushijeho gushimangirwa, bitanga imbaraga mu mutekano w’ibirombe. Impinduka nshya mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga n’impinduka mu nganda zirimo kwihuta. Umubare munini w’ibikoresho bya tekiniki bigezweho nko gucukura no gukora ibirombe, gukumira no kugenzura ibiza byakoreshejwe cyane, kandi ikoranabuhanga n’ingamba zo kurwanya ingaruka z’umutekano byakomeje kunozwa. Hamwe no guhuza cyane ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’amakuru nka 5G, ubwenge bw’ubukorano n’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu bicu hamwe n’ibirombe, ibikoresho by’ubwenge na robo byakoreshejwe cyane, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwubatsi bw’ubuhanga bw’ibirombe wihuta, kandi ubucukuzi buke cyangwa budakoresha amashanyarazi bwagiye buhinduka impamo buhoro buhoro, udushya mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga byatanze imbaraga nshya mu gukora ibirombe mu mutekano.
5G iyoboye uburyo bushya bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro
Muri iyi gahunda, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha 5G n'ubwubatsi rirakunzwe n'ibigo byinshi. Dukurikije ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoreshwa rya 5G ntabwo rikunze kubaho. Urugero, Sany Smart Mining Technology Co., Ltd. na Tencent Cloud bagiranye ubufatanye mu by'ingamba mu 2021. Aba nyuma bazashyigikira byimazeyo iyubakwa rya Sany Smart Mining mu birombe by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Byongeye kandi, CITIC Heavy Industries, ikigo gikomeye mu gukora ibikoresho, cyubatse kandi cyuzuza urubuga rwa interineti rw'inganda z'ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya 5G n'inganda, bishingiye ku kwegeranya kwayo mu bushakashatsi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa, gukora ibikoresho, serivisi zo gukoresha no kubungabunga, kunoza imikorere no gukoresha amakuru menshi mu nganda. Hashize igihe gito, Ge Shirong, umuhanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’umunyamuryango wa CAE, yasesenguye mu "Inama y’Isi ya 5G ya 2022" kandi yizeraga ko ubucukuzi bw’amakara mu Bushinwa buzinjira mu rwego rw’ubwenge mu 2035. Ge Shirong yavuze ko kuva mu bucukuzi bw’amakara bukorerwa abantu kugeza mu bucukuzi bw’amakara butagira abapilote, kuva mu gutwika bikomeye kugeza mu gukoresha gaze n’amazi, kuva mu gutunganya amakara n’amashanyarazi kugeza mu gusukura no gukoresha karuboni nkeya, kuva mu kwangiza ibidukikije kugeza mu gusana ibidukikije. Izi sano enye zifitanye isano rya hafi n’itumanaho ry’ubwenge n’imikorere myiza. Nk’ikigero gishya cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho rigendanwa, 5G ifite ibyiza byinshi, nko gutinda guke, ubushobozi bunini, umuvuduko mwinshi n’ibindi. Uretse kohereza amajwi n’amashusho bisanzwe bifite ireme, gushyira porogaramu ya 5G mu birombe bikubiyemo kandi ibisabwa na sisitemu yo kohereza amajwi n’amashusho idafite abapilote, mudasobwa ikoresha ibicu n’umubare munini w’amashusho adafite abapilote menshi. Bishobora gusobanurwa ko kubaka mu gihe kizaza ibirombe by’ubwenge “bitagira abapilote” bizarushaho kuba umutekano no gukora neza binyuze mu nkunga ya 5G.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2023
