Ubuhanga bwubwenge bwaibikoresho byanjyemubushinwa burakura buhoro buhoro.Vuba aha, Minisiteri ishinzwe ubutabazi n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe umutekano w’amabuye y'agaciro basohoye “Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu yo gucunga amabuye y'agaciro” igamije kurushaho gukumira no gukumira ingaruka zikomeye z’umutekano.Uyu mugambi washyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’ingenzi R&D rw’ubwoko 38 bw’imashini zicukura amakara mu byiciro 5, kandi ziteza imbere iyubakwa ry’abantu 494 bakora mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro mu birombe by’amakara mu gihugu hose, kandi rishyira mu bikorwa ikoreshwa ry’ubwoko 19 bw’imashini zijyanye no gucukura amakara.Mu bihe biri imbere, umusaruro w’umutekano w’amabuye uzatangira uburyo bushya bwubwenge bwo gucukura “irondo kandi rititabweho”.
Kugura ibirombe byubwenge bigenda byamamara buhoro buhoro
Kuva muri uyu mwaka, hamwe n’iterambere rihamye ry’itangwa ry’ingufu n’ibiciro, byatumye izamuka ry’agaciro kongerewe mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro.Mu gihembwe cya kabiri, agaciro kiyongereye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kiyongereyeho 8.4% ku mwaka ku mwaka, kandi umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'amakara yo gucukura no gukaraba wari hejuru y'imibare ibiri, byombi byihuta cyane kuruta izamuka ry'inganda hejuru y'ibipimo byose.Muri icyo gihe, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro w’amakara wihuse, hamwe na toni miliyari 2.19 z’amakara mbisi yakozwe mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, yiyongeraho 11.0% ku mwaka.Muri Kamena, toni miliyoni 380 z'amakara mbisi zakozwe, ziyongereyeho 15.3% ku mwaka, amanota 5.0 ku ijana yihuta ugereranije na Gicurasi.Ukurikije isesengura muri gahunda ,.ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciroinganda ziracyafite umwanya ukomeye wisoko.Inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro zashakishaga ibisubizo bigamije kunoza ibidukikije no gukora neza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.Hamwe noguhuza kwimbitse kwa 5G, kubara ibicu, amakuru manini, ubwenge bwubukorikori hamwe nubundi buryo bugenda bugaragara, igitekerezo cya kirombe cyubwenge kigwa buhoro buhoro nibindi bintu bizana amahirwe menshi yiterambere mubikorwa byamabuye y'agaciro.Mu rwego rwo kugera ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bwihuse, gahunda yavuze ko Ubushinwa buzakomeza guteza imbere ikurwaho ry'umusaruro usigaye inyuma.Binyuze mu buryo bwemewe n’isoko, tuzateza imbere kurandura no kuvanaho ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’inyuma ukurikije ubwoko, igihe ntarengwa n’ingamba, kandi dutezimbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere rya politiki n’ibipimo bya tekiniki bigamije gukuraho ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wasubiye inyuma mu birombe.Birashobora kugaragara ko kugura ubucukuzi bwubwenge bimenyekana buhoro buhoro mubushinwa, kandi ibikoresho byubwenge bituma ibimina byinshi "Imashini kandi umuntu hanze".Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwubatse amasura 982 y’ubwenge bukora mu birombe by’amakara, kandi buzubaka amasoko 1200-1400 yo kugura ubwenge mu mpera zuyu mwaka.Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, nyuma y’imyaka ibiri yubatswe, hashyizweho umuyoboro w’igihugu ushinzwe umutekano w’amakara y’umutekano w’amakara, kandi ikibazo cy’umusaruro w’amakara arenga 3000 cyateraniye i Beijing, gishobora gutahura mu buryo bwihuse, igihe nyacyo kigahinduka kandi kikaburira vuba na bwangu amakara y’amakara, kandi yagize uruhare runini mu kongera umusaruro w’amakara mu Bushinwa.Ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho, gahunda irasaba kurushaho kunoza ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku buryo bwo kwibasirwa n’ibiza bikomeye ndetse n’impanuka ziterwa no guhuriza hamwe, no kwibanda ku gukemura ikibazo cy’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho nk’ingaruka zikomeye z’umutekano muke kuburira hakiri kare, kugenzura imbaraga no kubibona, gukora kuburira hakiri kare no gufata ibyemezo byubwenge no gukumira no kugenzura.Shimangira ubushakashatsi niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryingenzi ryubucukuzi bwubwenge, wibande ku guca mu buhanga n’ibikoresho by’ibanze bigabanya iterambere ry’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, nk'ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya nyabwo, amabuye y'agaciro ndetse no kumenya urutare, geologiya iboneye, ahantu nyaburanga hagaragara, ubucukuzi bwuzuye bwuzuye n'ubucukuzi bwihuse mubihe bigoye, imiyoboro itwara abantu itagira abapilote, ibibanza bitagizwe n'abantu cyangwa abadafite abapilote, kandi bizamura urwego rwuzuye kandi rushyiraho ibikoresho byubwenge.
Amahirwe mukibazo cyo guhuza ibibazo
Igenamigambi risobanura kandi isano iri hagati yubucukuzi bwubwenge no gucukura.Iterambere ryo guhindura ingufu riteza ibibazo bikomeye kumutekano wamabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane kubura ibikoresho byubucukuzi.Kugeza ubu, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yubucucike bwa robo nu rwego rwo hejuru mu mahanga.Gukoresha cyane ibikoresho bishya, ikoranabuhanga rishya, inzira nshya nibikoresho bishya byazanye ibintu bishya ku mutekano w’umusaruro.Ibyago byibiza biba bikomeye hamwe no kongera ubujyakuzimu.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buryo bwo guturika gaze y’amakara, guturika n’ibindi biza ntabwo byateye intambwe, kandi hagomba kunozwa ubushobozi bwigenga bwo guhanga udushya tw’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho.Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’ibirombe bidafite amakara ntiringana, umubare w’ibimina ni munini, kandi urwego rw’imashini ni ruto.Ingaruka ziterwa nubutunzi, ikoranabuhanga nubunini, urwego rusange rwo gukoresha imashini zicukurwamo ibyuma nibitari ibyuma mubushinwa biri hasi.Ariko izi mbogamizi nazo zizana amahirwe mashya mugutezimbere ikoreshwa ryingufu nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro.Hamwe n’ivugurura ry’imikoreshereze y’ingufu, kurandura no gukuraho ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wasubiye inyuma byatejwe imbere, kandi inganda z’inganda zacukuwe neza.Gufata ibirombe binini bya kijyambere bigezweho bifite umutekano muke nkurwego nyamukuru rwahindutse icyerekezo cyiterambere ryinganda zamakara.Imiterere yinganda zicukurwamo amabuye y’amakara yakomeje kunozwa binyuze mu kurandura, gufunga, kwishyira hamwe, kuvugurura no kuzamura.Ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro w’ikirombe hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gukumira no kurwanya ibiza bwarushijeho gushimangirwa, bituma ubuzima bugira ingaruka ku musaruro w’umutekano w’amabuye y'agaciro.Icyiciro gishya cya siyanse yubumenyi nikoranabuhanga no guhindura inganda birihuta.Umubare munini wibikoresho bya tekiniki bigezweho nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro n’umusaruro, gukumira no kurwanya ibiza byakoreshejwe henshi, kandi ikoranabuhanga n’ingamba zo kurwanya ingaruka z’umutekano n’ingamba byakomeje kunozwa.Hamwe noguhuza byimbitse ibisekuru bishya byikoranabuhanga ryamakuru nka 5G, ubwenge bwubukorikori hamwe no kubara ibicu hamwe na kirombe, ibikoresho byubwenge na robo byakoreshejwe henshi, kandi umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwubwenge bwihuse, kandi ubucukuzi buke cyangwa butagira abapilote bwagiye buhoro buhoro bibe impamo, guhanga ubumenyi na tekinoloji byatanze imbaraga nshya kubyara umusaruro wamabuye y'agaciro.
5G iyobora uburyo bushya bwo gucukura
Muri iyi gahunda, ikoreshwa rya 5G hamwe nubuhanga bwubwubatsi butoneshwa ninganda nyinshi.Urebye ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu myaka yashize, ikoreshwa rya 5G ntabwo ari gake.Kurugero, Sany Smart Mining Technology Co., Ltd na Tencent Cloud byageze kubufatanye mubikorwa 2021. Iyanyuma izashyigikira byimazeyo iyubakwa rya 5G ryubaka Sany Smart Mining mumabuye yubwenge.Byongeye kandi, CITIC Heavy Industries, uruganda rukomeye rukora ibikoresho, rwubatse kandi rwuzuza urubuga rwa interineti ibikoresho by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya interineti rya 5G n’inganda, rushingiye ku kwegeranya kwinshi mu bushakashatsi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa n'iterambere, gukora ibikoresho, serivisi no kubungabunga serivisi, gutezimbere ibikorwa hamwe ninganda nini.Vuba aha, Ge Shirong, umwarimu w’umunyamuryango wa CAE, yasesenguye mu nama “2022 World 5G World” kandi yizera ko ubucukuzi bw’amakara y’Ubushinwa buzinjira mu rwego rw’ubwenge mu 2035. Ge Shirong yavuze ko kuva mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro kugeza mu bucukuzi bw'abapilote, kuva bikomeye gutwikwa no gukoresha gazi-yamazi, kuva mumashanyarazi yamakara kugeza isuku na karuboni nkeya, kuva kwangiza ibidukikije kugeza kwiyubaka kw ibidukikije.Aya masano ane afitanye isano rya hafi n'itumanaho ryubwenge kandi rikora neza.Nkibisekuru gishya cyikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rigendanwa, 5G ifite ibyiza byinshi, nko gutinda gake, ubushobozi bunini, umuvuduko mwinshi nibindi.Usibye kohereza amajwi n'amashusho gakondo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kohereza imiyoboro ya 5G mu birombe bikubiyemo n'ibisabwa na sisitemu yohereza ubwenge idafite abadereva, kubara ibicu ndetse n'umubare munini wo gusobanura amashusho adafite insinga.Birashobora guhanurwa ko ahazaza hubakwa ibirombe byubwenge "bitagira abapilote" bizarushaho kuba byiza kandi neza hifashishijwe inkunga ya 5G.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2023
