Ezimayini zamalahle, okuyinhlokoamabhande okuthuthaUma ifakwa emigwaqweni emikhulu ethambekele kakhulu ivame ukubhekana nokuchichima kwamalahle, ukuchitheka, kanye nokuwa kwamalahle ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu lapho kuthuthwa amalahle angavuthiwe anomswakama ophezulu, lapho ukuchitheka kwamalahle nsuku zonke kungafinyelela amashumi kuya kwamakhulu amathani. Amalahle achithekile kumele ahlanzwe, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, kufakwa ithangi lokugcina amanzi ekhanda lomthwali webhande ukuze kuhlanzwe amalahle achithekile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ivalvu yesango lethangi lokugcina amanzi ivulwa ngesandla ukuze kuhlanzwe amalahle athambileyo emsileni womthwali, lapho ahlanzwa khona nge-loader. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuningi bamanzi athelayo, amalahle athambileyo amaningi, ukuhlanzwa okungafanele, kanye nokusondela kwamalahle athambileyo e-sump, amalahle athambileyo avame ukuhlanzwa ngqo e-sump. Ngenxa yalokho, i-sump idinga ukuhlanzwa kanye ngenyanga, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokuqina okukhulu kwabasebenzi, ubunzima ekuhlanzweni kwe-sump, kanye nezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha.
1 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimbangela Zokuchitheka Kwamalahle
1.1 Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokuchitheka Kwamalahle
Okokuqala, i-engeli enkulu yokuthambekela kanye nesivinini esikhulu se-conveyor; okwesibili, izindawo ezingalingani ezindaweni eziningi emzimbeni we-conveyor, okubangela "ibhande elintantayo" futhi okubangela ukuchitheka kwamalahle.
1.2 Ubunzima Ekuhlanzeni Ama-Sump
Okokuqala, ivalvu yesango evulwa ngesandla yethangi lokugcina amanzi ivame ukuba nezinga lokuvula elingahleliwe, okuholela ekukhucululweni kwamanzi ngokweqile. Ngokwesilinganiso, amanzi angama-800 m³ amalahle athululelwa emfuleni isikhathi ngasinye. Okwesibili, phansi elingalingani lendawo enkuluibhande elithwalayoIndlela yomgwaqo ibangela ukuthi amalahle antantayo aqoqeke ezindaweni eziphansi ngaphandle kokuthuthwa ngesikhathi, okuvumela amanzi ukuthi athwale amalahle antantayo aye e-sump futhi kuholele ekuhlanzweni njalo. Okwesithathu, amalahle antantayo emsileni womthumeli awahlanzwa ngokushesha noma ngokuphelele, okwenza ukuthi ahlanzwe e-sump ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Okwesine, ibanga elifushane phakathi komsila womthumeli webhande eliyinhloko kanye ne-sump livumela amanzi amdaka amalahle angenawo anele okungena e-sump. Okwesihlanu, amalahle antantayo aqukethe inani elikhulu lezingcezu ezinkulu, okwenza kube nzima ngomshini wokugaya ohambayo (ohlome ngepompo yodaka) ukuqoqa izinto kahle ngaphambili ngesikhathi sokuhlanza i-sump. Lokhu kuphumela ekusebenzeni okuphansi, ukuguguleka okukhulu kwepompo yodaka, futhi kudinga ukuhlanzwa ngesandla noma okusekelwe ku-loader ngaphambili kwe-sump, okuholela ekusebenzeni okukhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuhlanza okuphansi.
2 Umklamo Wesistimu Yokwelapha Ukuchitheka Kwamalahle Ephelele Yama-Belt Conveyors
2.1 Ucwaningo Lwezinhlelo Nezinyathelo
(1) Nakuba i-engeli yokuthambekela ejulile ye-conveyor yebhande ingenakushintshwa, isivinini sayo sokusebenza singashintshwa ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamalahle. Isixazululo sihilela ukufaka isikali sebhande emthonjeni wokudla ukuze kuqashwe umthamo wamalahle futhi kunikezwe impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ohlelweni lokulawula. Lokhu kuvumela ukulungisa isivinini sokusebenza se-conveyor yebhande eliyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe isivinini futhi kuncishiswe ukuchitheka kwamalahle.
(2) Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga “yokuntanta kwebhande” okubangelwa izindawo ezingalingani ezindaweni eziningi emzimbeni womthwali, izinyathelo zifaka phakathi ukulungisa umzimba womthwali kanye nomgwaqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhande lihamba ngendlela eqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwa amadivayisi okucindezela ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga “yokuntanta kwebhande” futhi kuncishiswe ukuchitheka kwamalahle.
2.2 Uhlelo Lokuhlanza Okuzenzakalelayo Emaphethelweni Omsila Usebenzisa I-Loader
(1) Isikrini esigoqekayo kanye nesikrini sokudlidliza esivamise ukugeleza okuphezulu kufakwa ekugcineni komsila we-conveyor yebhande. Isikrini esigoqekayo siqoqa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi sihlukanise amalahle achithekile. Izinto ezincane zihlanzwa ngamanzi zibe yi-sump cleaner yohlobo lwe-scraper, kuyilapho izinto ezinkulu kakhulu zithunyelwa esikrinini esidlidlizayo esivamise ukugeleza okuphezulu. Nge-conveyor yebhande lokudlulisa, izinto zithunyelwa emuva esikhungweni esikhuluibhande elithwalayoIzinto ezincane kakhulu ezivela esikrinini esidlidlizayo esivame kakhulu zigeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi ziye kumshini wokuhlanza i-sump wohlobo lwe-scraper.
(2) Amanzi odaka lwamalahle ageleza ngamandla adonsela phansi aye kumshini wokuhlanza i-sump wohlobo lwe-scraper, lapho izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-0.5 mm zikhishwa ngqo kumshini wokudlulisa ibhande. Amanzi agcwele amanzi avela kumshini wokuhlanza i-sump wohlobo lwe-scraper ageleza ngamandla adonsela phansi aye ethangini lokuthuthwa kwendle.
(3) Kufakwe isitimela kanye nesivikelo sikagesi ngaphezu kwethangi lokuthungela. Iphampu yothuli oluphoqelekile olunamandla amakhulu olunokushukunyiswa ifakwa ngaphakathi kwethangi lokuthungela bese ihamba iye emuva naphambili ukuze ithuthe uthuli oluhlala phansi luye kumshini wokuhlunga onengcindezi ephezulu. Ngemva kokuhluzwa ngomshini wokuhlunga onengcindezi ephezulu, ikhekhe lamalahle liyakhishwa liye kumshini wokudlulisa ibhande, kuyilapho amanzi ahlungiwe egeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi aye emfuleni.
2.3 Izici Zohlelo Oluphelele Lokwelapha Ukuchitheka Kwamalahle
(1) Uhlelo lulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini sokusebenza kwebhande eliyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchitheka kwamalahle futhi kuxazululwe inkinga "yokuntanta kwebhande". Lulawula ngobuhlakani ivalvu yesango lethangi lokugcina amanzi, lunciphisa umthamo wamanzi ahlanzayo. Ukufakwa kwamapuleti e-polyethylene anesisindo esikhulu kakhulu phansi komgwaqo kunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wamanzi ahlanzayo adingekayo. Umthamo wamanzi ahlanzayo ngokusebenza ngakunye wehliswa ube ngu-200 m³, ukwehla okungu-75%, kunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlanza i-sump kanye nomthamo wokukhipha amanzi emayini.
(2) Isikrini esigoqekayo ekugcineni komsila siqoqa ngokuphelele, sihlukanise, futhi sidlulise izinto, silinganise izinhlayiya eziqinile ezingaphezu kuka-10 mm. Izinto ezincane kakhulu zigeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi ziye kumshini wokuhlanza i-sump wohlobo lwe-scraper.
(3) Isikrini sokudlidliza esivame kakhulu sikhipha amanzi emalahleni, sinciphise umswakama wamalahle aqumbile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthuthwa emkhunjini oyinhloko ohamba kancane futhi kunciphisa ukuchitheka kwamalahle.
(4) I-slurry yamalahle igeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi iye kuyunithi yokukhipha uhlobo lwe-scraper ngaphakathi kwethangi lokuxazulula. Ngedivayisi yayo yokuxazulula ipuleti elibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-honeycomb. Izinhlayiya zamalahle ezinkulu kuno-0.5 mm zihlukaniswa ngezigaba futhi zikhishwe ngedivayisi yokukhipha i-scraper iye ku-conveyor yebhande lokudlulisa. Amanzi agcwele avela ku-scraper-type sump cleaner ageleza aye ethangini elingemuva le-sedimentation. I-scraper-type sump cleaner iphatha izinhlayiya zamalahle ezinkulu kuno-0.5 mm, ixazulula izinkinga ezifana nokuguguleka kwendwangu yokuhlunga kanye namakhekhe okuhlunga “ahlukaniswe” kumshini wokucindezela wokuhlunga ophakeme.
3 Izinzuzo kanye Nenani
3.1 Izinzuzo Zezomnotho
(1) Uhlelo luvumela ukusebenza ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kwabasebenzi, lunciphisa abasebenzi abangu-20 futhi longe cishe ama-CNY ayizigidi ezingu-4 ezindlekweni zabasebenzi zonyaka.
(2) Isihlanzi se-sump sohlobo lwe-scraper sisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemijikelezo yokuqala-yokuma yamahora angu-1-2 ngomjikelezo ngamunye kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza semizuzu emi-2 kuphela ngokusebenza ngakunye, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokudonsa evamile, isindisa cishe i-CNY eyisigidi ezindlekweni zikagesi minyaka yonke.
(3) Ngalesi simiso, izinhlayiya ezincane kuphela ezingena esitobhini. Lezi zikhishwa kahle kusetshenziswa amaphampu ezigaba eziningi ngaphandle kokuvala noma ukushiswa yiphampu, okunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa cishe nge-CNY 1 million ngonyaka.
3.2 Izinzuzo Zomphakathi
Lolu hlelo luthatha indawo yokuhlanza ngesandla, lunciphisa amandla abasebenzi abasebenza futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokumba. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlayiya eziqinile kusengaphambili, kunciphisa ukuguguleka kwamaphampu odaka alandelayo kanye namaphampu ezigaba eziningi, kunciphisa amazinga okwehluleka kwephampu futhi kwandise impilo yazo yesevisi. Ukuhlanza ngesikhathi sangempela kwandisa amandla asebenzayo ephampu, kuqeda isidingo samaphampu alindile, futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nezikhukhula. Ngokulawulwa okuphakathi kusuka phezulu kanye nemisebenzi engaphansi komhlaba engenamuntu, izingozi zokuphepha zincishiswa kakhulu, okuletha izinzuzo zomphakathi eziphawulekayo.
4 Isiphetho
Uhlelo oluphelele lokwelapha ukuchitheka kwamalahle lwe-main mainibhande elithwalayoilula, iyasebenza, ithembekile, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyiphatha. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo kubhekane ngempumelelo nezinselelo zokuhlanza ukuchitheka kwamalahle ezithwalweni ezinkulu zebhande ezigobile kanye nokudonsa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uhlelo alugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi luxazulula izingozi zokuphepha ngaphansi komhlaba, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okukhuthaza nokusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-22-2025
