M'migodi ya malasha, chachikuluzonyamulira lambaMalasha oyikidwa m'misewu yotsetsereka kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malasha ochulukirapo, otayikira, komanso ogwa panthawi yoyendera. Izi zimaonekera kwambiri ponyamula malasha osaphika okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, komwe kutaya kwa malasha tsiku lililonse kumatha kufika matani makumi mpaka mazana. Malasha otayikira ayenera kutsukidwa, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, thanki yosungira madzi imayikidwa pamutu pa chonyamulira lamba kuti ayeretse malasha otayikira. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, valavu yolowera ya thanki yosungira madzi imatsegulidwa pamanja kuti itulutse malasha oyandama kumchira kwa chonyamulira, komwe imatsukidwa ndi chonyamulira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi oyandama, malasha oyandama ochulukirapo, kuyeretsa kosayembekezereka, komanso kuyandikira kwa malasha oyandama ku sump, malasha oyandama nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa mwachindunji mu sump. Zotsatira zake, sump imafuna kutsukidwa kamodzi pamwezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto monga kugwira ntchito molimbika, kuvutika kuyeretsa sump, komanso zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo.
1 Kusanthula Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kutayikira kwa Malasha
1.1 Zifukwa Zazikulu Zotayikira Malasha
Choyamba, ngodya yayikulu yopendekera ndi liwiro lalikulu la chonyamulira; chachiwiri, malo osalingana pamalo angapo motsatira thupi la chonyamulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "lamba liziyandama" ndikupangitsa kuti malasha atayike.
1.2 Mavuto pa Kuyeretsa Sump
Choyamba, valavu yotsegulira chipata cha thanki yosungira madzi yomwe imatsegulidwa ndi manja nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mulingo wotseguka wosasinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka kwambiri. Pa avareji, madzi okwana 800 m³ a malasha amathiridwa mu sump nthawi iliyonse. Chachiwiri, pansi losalinganika la thanki yayikuluchonyamulira lambaNjira yodutsamo imapangitsa kuti malasha oyandama azisonkhana m'malo otsika popanda kutayidwa kwa madzi nthawi yake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi anyamule malasha oyandama kupita ku sump ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ayeretsedwe pafupipafupi. Chachitatu, malasha oyandama kumbuyo kwa conveyor sayeretsedwa mwachangu kapena mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kutayidwa mu sump panthawi yothira madzi. Chachinayi, mtunda waufupi pakati pa mchira wa conveyor yayikulu ndi sump umalola madzi otayira malasha osakwanira kulowa mu sump. Chachisanu, malasha oyandama ali ndi zidutswa zazikulu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti chofukula choyenda (chokhala ndi matope) chizitha kusonkhanitsa zinthu bwino kutsogolo panthawi yothira madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pampu ya matope isagwire bwino ntchito, ndipo zimafunika kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito manja kapena makina kutsogolo kwa sump, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yambiri komanso kuti pakhale ntchito yochepa yoyeretsa.
2 Kapangidwe ka Njira Yothanirana ndi Kutayikira kwa Malasha ya Ma Conveyor a Lamba
2.1 Kafukufuku wa Ndondomeko ndi Miyeso
(1) Ngakhale kuti ngodya yotsetsereka ya chonyamulira lamba singasinthidwe, liwiro lake logwirira ntchito lingasinthidwe kutengera kuchuluka kwa malasha. Yankho lake limaphatikizapo kuyika sikelo ya lamba pamalo odyetsera kuti liziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa malasha ndikupereka mayankho nthawi yomweyo ku dongosolo lowongolera. Izi zimathandiza kusintha liwiro logwirira ntchito la chonyamulira chachikulu cha lamba kuti achepetse liwiro ndikuchepetsa kutaya kwa malasha.
(2) Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la "kuyandama kwa lamba" komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha malo osalingana pamalo osiyanasiyana pa thupi la conveyor, njira zina zimaphatikizapo kusintha thupi la conveyor ndi msewu kuti zitsimikizire kuti lamba likuyenda molunjika. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zoyendetsera mphamvu zimayikidwa kuti zithetse vuto la "kuyandama kwa lamba" ndikuchepetsa kutaya kwa malasha.
2.2 Njira Yoyeretsera Yokha Kumbuyo Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chojambulira
(1) Chophimba chozungulira ndi chotchingira chogwedezeka kwambiri zimayikidwa kumapeto kwa chotengera cha lamba. Chotchingira chozungulira chimasonkhanitsa ndi kugawa malasha omwe atayika okha. Zinthu zosakhwima zimatsukidwa ndi madzi kupita ku chotsukira cha sump chotchedwa scraper, pomwe zinthu zazikulu zimatumizidwa ku chotchingira chogwedezeka kwambiri. Kudzera mu chotengera cha lamba chosinthira, zinthuzo zimatumizidwanso ku malo akuluakulu.chonyamulira lambaZipangizo zosaoneka bwino kuchokera ku sikirini yogwedezeka kwambiri zimapita ku chotsukira cha sump chotchedwa scraper.
(2) Madzi oundana a malasha amayenda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kupita ku chotsukira cha sump chamtundu wa scraper, komwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono toposa 0.5 mm timatulutsidwa mwachindunji pa chonyamulira cha lamba wosamutsira. Madzi ochulukirapo ochokera ku chotsukira cha sump chamtundu wa scraper amayenda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka kupita ku thanki yosungiramo madzi.
(3) Sitima ndi chokwezera chamagetsi zayikidwa pamwamba pa thanki yosungira madzi. Pampu yodzaza madzi yolemera yokhala ndi mphamvu yosonkhezera imayikidwa mkati mwa thanki yosungira madzi ndipo imayenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kuti inyamule madziwo pansi kupita ku makina osindikizira opanikizika kwambiri. Pambuyo posefedwa ndi makina osindikizira opanikizika kwambiri, keke ya malasha imatulutsidwa pa conveyor ya lamba wosinthira, pomwe madzi osungunula amayenderera ndi mphamvu yokoka kupita ku sump.
2.3 Makhalidwe a Njira Yothandizira Kutaya Malasha
(1) Dongosololi limangolamulira liwiro logwira ntchito la chonyamulira chachikulu cha lamba kuti lichepetse kutayikira kwa malasha ndikuthana ndi vuto la "lamba woyandama". Limalamulira mwanzeru valavu ya chipata cha thanki yosungiramo madzi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka. Kuyika ma polyethylene plates okwera kwambiri pansi pa msewu kumachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka. Kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka pa ntchito iliyonse kumachepetsedwa kufika pa 200 m³, kuchepa kwa 75%, kuchepetsa zovuta zoyeretsa sump ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka mu mgodi.
(2) Chophimba chozungulira chomwe chili kumapeto kwa chivundikirocho chimasonkhanitsa, kugawa, ndi kutumiza zinthuzo, ndikulemba tinthu tating'onoting'ono toposa 10 mm. Zinthu zosakhwima zimapita ku chotsukira cha sump chopangidwa ndi scraper pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka.
(3) Chophimba chogwedezeka kwambiri chimanyowetsa makala, kuchepetsa chinyezi cha makala ozungulira. Izi zimathandiza kunyamula malasha pa chonyamulira cha lamba chachikulu chomwe chili mopingasa komanso kuchepetsa kutaya kwa malasha.
(4) Madzi oundana a malasha amalowa m'malo otulutsiramo zinthu monga scraper mkati mwa thanki yokhazikitsiramo zinthu. Kudzera mu chipangizo chake chokhazikitsiramo zinthu monga uchi mkati mwa mbale. Tinthu ta malasha tokhala ndi makulidwe opitilira 0.5 mm timayikidwa m'magawo ndikutuluka kudzera mu chipangizo chotulutsiramo zinthu monga scraper pa conveyor ya lamba wotumizira. Madzi ochulukirapo ochokera ku chotsukira cha sump chotchedwa scraper amalowa m'thanki yakumbuyo. Chotsukira cha sump chotchedwa scraper chimasamalira tinthu ta malasha tokhala ndi makulidwe opitilira 0.5 mm, kuthetsa mavuto monga kuvala nsalu zosefera ndi makeke osefera "okhala ndi zigawo" mu makina osefera opanikizika kwambiri.
3 Ubwino ndi Mtengo
3.1 Ubwino Wachuma
(1) Dongosololi limalola kuti ntchito yogwira ntchito mopanda anthu ichitike pansi pa nthaka, kuchepetsa antchito ndi anthu 20 ndikusunga ndalama zokwana CNY 4 miliyoni pachaka.
(2) Chotsukira cha sump chopangidwa ndi scraper chimagwira ntchito yokha ndi ma start-stop cycle a maola 1-2 pa cycle ndi mphindi ziwiri zokha pa workout iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu isamagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe zodulira, chimasunga ndalama zokwana CNY 1 miliyoni pachaka.
(3) Ndi dongosololi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokha timalowa mu sump. Izi zimapopedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu a magawo ambiri popanda kutsekeka kapena kutenthedwa ndi pampu, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zokonzera ndi pafupifupi CNY 1 miliyoni pachaka.
3.2 Ubwino wa Anthu
Dongosololi limalowa m'malo mwa kuyeretsa kwamanja, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito komanso kukonza bwino ntchito yochotsa zinyalala. Mwa kukonza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tolimba, timachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapampu amatope ndi mapampu a masitepe ambiri, kuchepetsa kulephera kwa mapampu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yawo yogwirira ntchito. Kuyeretsa nthawi yeniyeni kumawonjezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya sump, kumachotsa kufunikira kwa sump yoyimirira, komanso kumawonjezera kukana kusefukira kwa madzi. Ndi ulamuliro wapakati kuchokera pamwamba ndi ntchito zapansi panthaka zopanda anthu, zoopsa zachitetezo zimachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pagulu.
4 Mapeto
Njira yonse yochizira kutaya kwa malasha pa malo akuluakuluchonyamulira lambaNdi yosavuta, yothandiza, yodalirika, komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuyang'anira. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwathandiza kuthetsa mavuto oyeretsa malasha omwe atayika pa ma conveyor akuluakulu okhala ndi lamba wotsetsereka komanso kukumba pansi pa chidebe chakumbuyo. Dongosololi silimangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso limathetsa zoopsa zachitetezo pansi pa nthaka, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kokwezera ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-22-2025
